The fundamental component inside your computer responsible for speed is the processor, or Central Processing Unit (CPU). All CPUs are rated to run at a specific clock speed, or front side bus (FSB) clock rate. But not all CPUs will run in all motherboards because motherboards are also rated to run with specific clock speeds. Upgrading to a different, or a faster, CPU is possible, but only in certain circumstances.
Motherboard FSB Speeds
Computer FSB speeds range from 66 MHz (older machines) to 1,066 MHz (newer machines). You must determine what the FSB speed is for your motherboard before attempting any CPU upgrades. This information is usually found on the computer maker's documentation or website under "Specifications." You can also identify the motherboard inside your computer by looking for a set of large (usually white) numbers printed on the motherboard itself. Conduct an Internet search of this motherboard identification number to find the manufacturer. A tool such as Sandra Lite can also provide this information.
Motherboard Socket Types
A CPU "chip" is installed on the motherboard in a "socket." Sockets are square plastic pieces with a grid of pin holes, about the size of the CPU chip itself, which are soldered to the motherboard. Most sockets have a small metal or plastic lever that locks and unlocks the socket pins. There are more than a dozen different socket sizes in use in motherboard designs. Socket types are not interchangeable. If your motherboard is a Socket 370 type, only Socket 370 type processor chips will work in that socket. You can determine the type of socket needed by examining the socket: an identification number is usually printed on the socket in raised letters. Check your computer or motherboard manufacturer's website for specification information, too.
Other Special Circumstances
There are two major manufacturers of CPU chips, Intel and AMD. Motherboards are built to handle one of these two products. Don't assume just any FSB 533 clock speed processor will work. If your motherboard was built for Intel processors, you can only upgrade with an Intel processor. In addition, not all Intel processors will work in all Intel motherboards: processors based on the Prescott core design, for example, may not work in all motherboards, either. The safest policy is to check the motherboard manufacturer's website and find the definitive list of CPUs the motherboard can indeed handle.
BIOS Upgrade
Once you are certain the CPU you want to install is compatible with your motherboard, update or "flash" your motherboard BIOS. BIOS instructions can be downloaded from most computer or motherboard manufacturer websites.
Installing the Chip
Remove the heat sink and fan from the CPU hub carefully. Unlatch any levers holding the old CPU in place. Remove the CPU chip from the socket. Wipe off the bottom of the metal heat sink (where it makes contact with the CPU) if it is covered with old, dried thermal paste. Purchase a small tube of thermal paste from a computer parts store. Spread a thin layer of thermal paste on the heat sink facing. A layer about 1/32 thick is good. Insert the new chip in the socket and lock the lever closed. Position the heat sink over the processor and reinstall any heat sink clamps and the fan.
Troubleshooting
If the computer beeps furiously after it is started, chances are the processor is not compatible with the motherboard. Most failures are due to compatibility issues. If the computer attempts to start and then dies suddenly, the thermal paste may be too thin (or too thick), and the processor is overheating. Recheck your thermal paste application work or installation for problems.
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