Overclock An Intel Pentium E2160 C 1 8ghz

Overclock an Intel Pentium E2160 C 1.8GHz

As processor speeds have increased, so have the potential gains from overclocking. The E2160 is one of the best overclocking chips of the past five years, and many have reached speeds surpassing 3.0 GHz for this modest chip. Before you begin, write down the default settings in system BIOS and print out these instructions for reference, as you will be restarting the computer many times.

Instructions

1. Restart the computer and boot into the BIOS screen. Usually, pushing the "Delete" key will work, if not, the proper key will be listed during the start-up process.

2. Search through the menus until you find the FSB settings. The menu name will vary by motherboard manufacturer.

3. Select the FSB setting and increase it by 5 to 10 MHz, restarting each time to ensure the computer will load Windows. If it fails to load or crashes, restart the computer and increase the voltage to the memory by the smallest increment possible. All the settings you need will be in the same menu you have been working in.

4. Restart the computer. If it doesn't load, increase the chipset voltage by the smallest increment.

5. Restart the computer. If it still doesn't load, increase the core voltage, again, by the smallest increment.

6. Restart the computer, and if it loads, return to Step 3, but not before checking the CPU temperature to ensure it is below 70 degrees Celsius. If it doesn't, load turn down the FSB by 5 to 10 MHz until it does.

7. Test the computer to make sure it is stable by running a lot of programs, especially resource-intensive games.

Tags: doesn load, Restart computer, smallest increment, doesn load increase, increment Restart, increment Restart computer, Intel Pentium

Build A Wooden Pc Case

A wooden PC case can make a fashionable compartment for your PC. Use wood and stain that match the rest of your furniture so the case complements the decor of your room. A wooden PC case is inexpensive and simple to create.

Instructions

1. Measure your PC from top to bottom, front to back and side to side. Add a 1/2 inch to each measurement. This allows room for the wooden case to fit over your PC.

2. Cut out the plywood to match the measurements from Step 1. You'll need a top, bottom and 2 sides. The front is left open for the computer. Miter cut the edges of the plywood so they form a 90-degree angle when they meet.

3. Create the wooden case for the PC. Screw the 2-sided piece to opposing sides of the bottom piece of plywood. Attach the top. Secure 2 screws per board, one in each corner, so that the screws drill in at an angle and penetrate both boards.

4. Stain the case. Apply at least 2 coats of stain to the plywood. Allow each coat of stain to dry before applying another coat.

5. Slide the PC into the case. Plug in the cords and cables.

Tags: wooden case, room wooden, room wooden case

Chip On Chip Technology

ChIP-on-chip technology is used to help identify elements in genomes.

Scientific studies can be conducted in vivo, or in a living organism as opposed to a partial or dead organism. ChIP-on-chip combines chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with microarray technology (chip) to study certain in vivo interactions.

ChIP

ChIP-on-chip technology refers to an immunoprecipitation technique used to investigate the interaction between deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and proteins in a cell. Immunoprecipitation uses an antibody that binds to a protein to precipitate, or form a solid during a chemical reaction, a protein antigen out of solution. An antigen refers to a molecule or substance that triggers the production of an antibody in an immune system. Antibodies are a kind of protein used by an immune system to identify and block, or neutralize, foreign objects.

Chip

Chip, or microarray technology, consists of DNA microarrays comprised of thousands of series of DNA oligonucleotids, or short nucleic polymers. These polymers contain specific DNA sequences, called probes. DNA microarrays contain tens of thousands of probes, enabling many genetic tests to be performed simultaneously.

Goal

ChIP-on-chip technology is used to investigate in vivo interactions between DNA and proteins. The goal of ChIP-on-chip is to localize protein binding sites that may facilitate the identification of functional elements in genomes, or the combination of genes and DNA that expresses an organism's hereditary information.

Tags: ChIP-on-chip technology, Chip Chip, ChIP-on-chip technology used, elements genomes, immune system

Geforce 7300gt Vs Radeon 3450

The Nvidia GeForce 7300GT and the ATI Radeon HD 3450 are graphics processing units (or video/graphics cards) from GPU manufacturer Nvidia and semiconductor company Advanced Micro Devices, respectively, for use on desktop personal computers. The Nvidia card made its debut in 2006 as a mid-range, video game-oriented card, while the ATI card appeared two years later as a budget-oriented GPU.

Memory

The memory of a GPU is either taken from the computer's system memory, which is based on Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM architecture, or is built into the card itself as Graphics Double Data Rate memory. The latter option is preferred since it doesn't take away from the computer's RAM. Each Nvidia GeForce 7300GT and ATI HD Radeon 3450 uses 256MB or 512MB of memory for the computer's video and graphics capabilities. However, while the ATI card offers only the DDR option, the Nvidia card provides both the DDR and GDDR options.

Speeds

Each Nvidia GeForce 7300GT and ATI HD Radeon 3450 has a core clock, which denotes the speed of the GPU's processor, and the memory clock, which stands for the rate at which the memory works. The core clock and memory clock for the GeForce card are 350 MHz and 325 MHz, respectively. For the AMD card, the core clock is 600 MHz and the memory clock speed is 500 MHz.

Connectors

Each Nvidia GeForce 7300GT and ATI Radeon HD 3450 GPU provides a peak analog display quality of 2,048 by 1,536 pixels with its Video Graphics Array port and a peak digital display quality of 2,560 by 1,536 pixels using its dual-link Digital Visual Interface. The Radeon HD 3450, with its "HD" designation, has a High Definition Multimedia Interface for transmission of uncompressed digital audio/video content. Although the GeForce 7300GT lacks an HDMI input, it has in place of it composite video, component video and S-video outputs that match the HD connector's 1,920-by-1,080-pixel resolution.

Texture Fillrate

Each Nvidia GeForce 7300GT and ATI HD Radeon 3450 has a texture fill rate. This stands for the number of pixels that the card can render on the computer screen each second. The texture fill rate of the GeForce 7300GT is 2.8 billion pixels per second, while that of the Radeon HD 3450 is 2.4 billion pixels per second.

Tags: Radeon 3450, 7300GT Radeon, 7300GT Radeon 3450, GeForce 7300GT Radeon, Nvidia GeForce

Find The Model Number Of A Motherboard

Many motherboards have their model numbers written directly on the circuit board.

Knowing the model number of your motherboard is essential if you want to keep it up to date, and be familiar with all its features, configuration options and limitations. If you ever experience problems, you'll need it so you can troubleshoot properly; no two motherboards are the same, so what may solve an issue for one may not for another.

Even if you've lost the manual but the motherboard is currently being used in your system, there are numerous ways you can obtain the model number.

Instructions

1. Check the manual that came with the motherboard; it will list the model number.

2. Look directly on the motherboard itself. The model number is commonly printed somewhere on the circuit board.

3. Check the motherboard manufacturer's website for assistance. Many have methods of finding the model number of their motherboards in the "Support" or "Frequently Asked Questions" sections. Some even provide downloadable software that will obtain your system's model number for you.

4. While the computer is starting up, the model number will typically be listed next to the brand name in the POST (Power on Self-Test) screen.

For example, if you had an ASUS brand motherboard, you might see "ASUS P4T i850" listed somewhere on the POST screen. In this case, "P4T i850" would be your model number.

5. Find the model number of your motherboard in the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System.)

The keyboard key needed to access it will be listed on the POST screen. Common keys include: Delete, F2 or F10. The motherboard model is commonly listed at the top of the screen. Refer to the legend displayed for the keys used to exit BIOS.

6. Call the manufacturer's customer support line for assistance.

Tags: model number, model number, circuit board, model number your, number your

Increase The Mb Of Ram

RAM cards come in several varieties, and your computer may accept only one type.

A larger amount of RAM, or random access memory, gives your computer the ability to perform multiple tasks simultaneously and keep more information in a readily accessible space. Many computationally intensive games and media programs require large amounts of RAM to function at the highest level. You can increase your system's RAM by installing new RAM cards in free slots on your motherboard, or by replacing the RAM already in place with higher capacity cards. Most desktop computers have easily accessible RAM slots, but replacing the RAM on your laptop may require more work.

Instructions

1. Shut down your computer and unplug the power supply or battery.

2. Open your computer casing. Depending on your computer's model, you may need a screwdriver or other tools to access the motherboard. Some casings slide off without tools.

3. Locate the RAM slots and determine which variety of RAM your computer will accept. The most common types of RAM for desktop computers are DDR3, DDR2, DDR and SDRAM. The slots may be labeled, or you can reference your motherboard's literature. If you cannot determine which variety of RAM to use, you can use the slot's physical size and location of blocking notches. RAM of the incorrect variety will not physically fit in the slot, so any RAM of the same physical size and shape will work.

4. Remove any unwanted RAM to free slot space. No personal or system data stores permanently on the RAM, and removing it will not damage your system or stored files. Depending on your motherboard, you may have to pull back small clamps holding the RAM in place.

5. Plug in the new RAM cards into the free slots on your motherboard. Press down firmly to ensure the card makes the appropriate connections, but do not use excessive force. Many of the components surrounding the RAM slots may be very delicate. Lock any available clamps to ensure your RAM is securely in place. Depending on your motherboard, you may need to fill the RAM slots in a specific order for proper operation. Consult your motherboard's documentation for specifics.

6. Replace your computer casing and power supply and turn it on. Most modern operating systems will automatically work with the new RAM. Check your system properties settings to ensure the RAM installation has completed successfully.

Tags: your computer, your motherboard, Depending your, your system, computer casing, Depending your motherboard, desktop computers

Features Of A Processor

Whether you are new to buying computers but want to understand all your options or are building a system from scratch for the first time, understanding the differences between the myriad of central processing units (CPUs) is crucial to getting the most bang for your buck. Here are some of the basic specifications you will find listed as you shop and compare.

Manufacturer

The two brands you will encounter are AMD (Advanced Micro Devices) and Intel. Which brand you choose will be one of the factors determining the CPU's compatibility with your motherboard.

CPU Type

This refers to whether the CPU in question is intended for use in a desktop, laptop or server.

Model/Class/Series

Think of this designation as a car model name. If you take the time to become familiar with current market, the model name will tell you if you are looking at a high- or low-end model and whether or not it will be compatible with your motherboard.

Socket Type

The socket refers to the point on the motherboard where the chip is attached. The PGA (pin grid array) and LGA (land grid array) are the most common forms, but even within these categories there can be a tremendous variety in pin counts and connection patterns. Check your motherboard specifications to see which chip sets it was designed for.

Speed

Also called the base frequency of the processor, the speed of a processor refers to the number of instructions per second that the processor can complete and is usually measured in gigahertz (GHz). In determining how fast a processor you need, look at the minimum system requirements of the most demanding programs you intend to run. For example, Starcraft II is far more demanding than Microsoft Word.

Number of Cores

The number of cores present on the chip doesn't change the speed of the processor from the listed GHz, but having more cores does improve the computer's ability to multitask without slowing down or losing performance. If you're a user who likes to have multiple windows open while downloading from the Internet and listening to music at the same time, you may want to consider at least a dual core.

Cache

Cache memory is a very small store of the data most frequently accessed by your CPU. It is far faster to access than the normal memory, and a large cache gives your computer a much faster response time for common tasks. The L2 and L3 references you will see in this category refers to these caches in order of distance from the CPU, with Level 1 (L1) cache being the closest, and so forth.

Memory Supported

Memory supported refers to the amount and type of RAM the CPU is designed to work with.

Tags: your motherboard, grid array, model name, speed processor, with your

Troubleshoot A K7som Mainboard

A little troubleshooting can save you the cost of a new motherboard.

From time to time, K7SOM motherboards fail for various reasons--a chip shakes loose, a pin bends, a stray screw causes a connection between the motherboard and case, or, the most common, a piece of hardware fails. Any of these can cause the computer to stop booting. Diagnosing the source of the problem and subsequently fixing it is no simple matter. However, by following a few logical steps, you may be able to save yourself the cost of a new motherboard--or a new computer.

Instructions

The Basics

1. Disconnect the power cable and open the case. Remove all unnecessary hardware--disconnect any extra sound or video cards and remove any extra RAM.

When finished, the motherboard should only have one stick of RAM, a CD-/DVD-ROM or a floppy disk, and a hard drive attached.

2. A power supply cable for the motherboard.

Check the power supply connections. One large power connector should clip into the motherboard with one smaller plug running to the ROM and hard drive. Also check the power connectors for the fans--the CPU fan is the most important.

3. Note the silver rings around the holes.

Inspect the motherboard for any charred spots. Check the screws on the motherboard to make sure it's seated properly in the case. The screw heads should always be within the metal ring around the hole.

4. Shake and inspect the case to clear out any debris causing a connection behind or around the motherboard.

5. Check all of the pins and chips on the motherboard--the pins should be straight and the chips should be firmly in place.

6. Jumpers for most motherboards.

Check the jumpers on the motherboard. Pay special attention to the CMOS jumper setting--the "Clear" setting will prevent the computer from booting. Also check to make sure that the speaker is plugged into the motherboard.

7. Check the motherboard specifications to see if it supports the CPU that's installed.

8. Close the case and check the power and monitor cables. The monitor cable should be screwed into the motherboard VGA port.

9. Start the computer and listen for the POST (Power-On Self Test) beeps. Check the beep code against the list in Resources and make note of the problem (if any). The K7SOM motherboard is typically an AMI BIOS.

10. Open the case If everything works and try re-attaching the devices one at a time, restarting after each addition.

Other Problems

11. Make sure the voltage is set to 110 or 220 volts (the switch on the back of the power supply), depending on your location. Replace with another power supply to test this. If the computer doesn't power on, the power supply is probably bad.

12. Make sure the CPU fan is running properly and that the CPU isn't overheating--an overheated CPU can cause a powered-up computer to shut down. Take note of any error messages if any appear.

13. Check the RAM by making a boot disk with "Memtest86.exe" and starting the computer with the boot disk in the drive.

14. Replace the CMOS battery if you see any messages about the CMOS battery being low. These batteries are available in most electronic stores.

15. Flash the BIOS with the most recent BIOS upgrade. Double-check the BIOS version to match the motherboard and follow the instructions carefully.

16. Contact the manufacturer's technical support if problems persist.

Tags: power supply, into motherboard, motherboard Check, Also check, boot disk, check power, CMOS battery

Replace The Cmos Battery On A Dell Dimension

Replace the CMOS Battery on a Dell Dimension

All computers have a CMOS chip, sometimes referred to as an RTC chip. This is a battery-operated chip that stores basic information instrumental to your computer's operation, like the date and time. If your CMOS dies, your time and date settings will reset each time you turn off your computer. Since the chip is attached directly to the motherboard, you have to partially dismantle your computer to access it.

Instructions

1. Shut down your computer. Disconnect the power cable and any external devices from your Dimension's power and data ports. Wait 10 to 20 minutes before attempting to dismantle your computer. Attach an antistatic strap to your wrist and its extending wire clip to the computer's outer casing.

2. Position the computer tower with the back panel facing you. Place the computer on its left side. Press on the side panel release buttons situated on the top and bottom panels. Grasp the right access panel and rotate it upward and away from the computer so the internal contents are accessible.

3. Grasp the old CMOS battery and pull it out of its compartment. The coin-cell CMOS battery compartment is near the memory slots on the motherboard. The memory slots are in the bottom right corner of the motherboard. Place the new battery inside the empty battery compartment until it is firmly secured.

4. Grasp the side access panel and pull it downward over the computer's opening. Press down on the side panel until the release buttons snap the panel into place.

5. Place the computer tower vertically and reconnect all cables and devices.

Tags: your computer, access panel, battery compartment, Battery Dell, Battery Dell Dimension, computer tower, Dell Dimension

Use The Asus Recovery Cd

The Asus recovery CD can fix many computer issues.

Asus brand computers and motherboards are packaged with a special recovery CD-ROM that has emergency re-install software for the Asus computer or hardware functions. You might need the Asus recovery CD-ROM if your hard drive is corrupt, your operating system needs to be re-installed or in the event you accidentally delete an important file directory. The CD-ROM is usually included with the user manual packaging in a white disk envelope and usage is as easy as inserting it into the computer's CD-ROM tray and clicking through installation menus.

Instructions

Using the Asus Recovery CD

1. Erase corrupt programs before attempting to reinstall them via the Asus recovery CD

Determine which Asus programs or components are not functioning correctly and require the Asus recovery CD. This includes all drivers, operating systems, wireless Internet utilities and other programs that interface with the Asus computer hardware. If possible, completely uninstall all corrupted software from the Asus computer to ensure an effective repair.

2. Insert the Asus recovery CD to begin reinstallation.

Restart the Asus computer with corrupted software. Before reboot, insert the Asus recovery CD-ROM into the CD drive. Allow the computer to restart and open BIOS by pressing F9. Select the CD drive where the recovery CD-ROM is located and restart your computer so that it boots from the disk drive rather than the hard drive. Your computer will then load the "recovery partition" of your hard drive and prompt you, asking what restore functions should be completed. Begin browsing the list of Asus recovery tools to select from in the CD-ROM's main menu.

3. Repairing computer programs is simple with the Asus recovery CD.

Select the desired Asus program or utility to install from the recovery CD dialogue menu and click the button labeled "install." Accept the end-user agreement and click "next," the Asus recovery CD should then begin to install the desired programs onto the computer. A computer reboot may be required to finalized each installation.

Tags: Asus recovery, Asus computer, Asus recovery, recovery CD-ROM, hard drive

Build A Mame Pc

PC case containing components for your PC build.

MAME is the Multiple Arcade Machine Emulator that's capable of bringing back the experiences of arcade machines of long ago using modern PC hardware. Building a MAME PC that's capable of running the games themselves at a speed that's comparable to the original arcade experience can be difficult, though. Because MAME only emulates the various video gaming systems, the PC you build must make due by re-creating arcade system components specifically made for use with the games that MAME recreates. In order to do this, you need an especially powerful PC for full-emulator effectiveness.

Instructions

1. Place the anti-static wrist strap onto your wrist and then clip the other end of the strap to a grounded metal object to avoid producing static electric discharges.

2. Center an antistatic pad onto a flat workspace. Put the motherboard onto the pad with the CPU socket upward. Pull the lever next to the CPU socket up to release the socket and remove the socket cover plate. Align the arrow on the CPU with the arrow on the socket and then lower the CPU into place. Pull the lever down to lock the CPU to the motherboard. Pull the slip of paper from the bottom of the CPU fan and align the four legs of the fan with the four holes surrounding the CPU socket. Lower the legs through the holes so that the fan sits atop the CPU. Clip the CPU fan into place by turning the small panel on the top of the four legs clockwise. Plug the CPU fan power cord into the small labeled socket next to the fan on the motherboard.

3. Align the notch located on the bottoms of the RAM chips with those in the memory sockets on the motherboard. Push the chips into the sockets until firmly seated. Secure the modules into place by pushing the two levers on the sides of the memory sockets into the notches located on the upper sides of each RAM module.

4. Place the PC case onto the work surface and then remove the cover by unscrewing the case screws from the rear of the case and sliding the cover off. Screw the motherboard mounting pegs into the mounting holes in the large flat bottom of the case. Remove the foil I/O cover from the rear of the case and insert the I/O cover that came with your motherboard into the I/O hole. The cover has openings for all of the input/output devices on your motherboard, including the video output, speaker output and USB ports.

5. Slide the motherboard into the case, aligning the I/O ports on the rear of the motherboard with those in the rear of the case, and the mounting holes on the bottom of the board with the mounting pegs in the case bottom. Secure the motherboard in place by screwing case screws through the mounting holes in the board into the mounting pegs in the case bottom.

6. Mount the power supply inside the case at the power supply hole in the case rear. Position the supply so that its mounting holes align with those in the case and the fan is against the hole in the rear of the case. Use case screws through the case and into the power supply to secure it.

7. Remove the case slot cover adjoining the first PCI-E slot on the motherboard. Align the notch at the bottom of the graphics card with the notch in the PCI-E slot on the motherboard and then slide the card into place within the slot. The graphics port on the rear of the card should extend through the slot on the rear of the case once you've placed the card. Secure the card to the case using a case screw through the notch at the top of the card located on the rear of the card against the case.

8. Plug the case cables, including the power switch, reset switch and LED light cables into the labeled pins on the motherboard.

9. Mount the hard drive into a 3 1/2-inch hard drive bay on the case. Slide the drive into the bay with the data and power inputs toward the case interior, until the holes in the drive line up with the mounting holes in the bay. Secure the drive by placing case screws through the mounting holes into the drive. Mount the DVD-ROM drive in a 5 1/4-inch drive bay using the same method. Connect the SATA data cables from the SATA sockets on the motherboard to the SATA inputs on both the hard drive and the DVD-ROM drive.

10. Connect the power cords from the power supply to your computer components. Connect the motherboard power cable to the motherboard socket. Connect the 4-pin power cable to the graphics card and the small SATA power cord to the hard drive and DVD-ROM drive. Connect any case fans to the 4-pin power cables from the power supply.

11. Return the case cover to the case, securing it in place with the two case screws. Plug the power cord into the power supply, and the USB cable for the wireless keyboard/mouse station into the USB port. Plug the powered speakers into the 3mm speaker output. Connect your Internet source to your PC via the Ethernet port using an Ethernet cable. Complete the hardware setup by plugging the monitor into the DVI port at the rear of the graphics card.

12. Turn on the computer and place the Windows 7 Setup Disk into the DVD drive during boot. Follow the setup instructions to install the Windows 7 operating system.

13. Obtain the latest version of MAME from the MAME Developer's website. Download the software and run the installation. Run the application once you've installed it to use your new MAME PC.

Tags: mounting holes, power supply, case screws, rear case, hard drive, into place

Install A V2000 Chipset

The chipset, integrated into your computer's motherboard, provides pathways of communication between connected hardware and determines what technologies the Compaq Presario V2000 supports. The operating system interfaces with the chipset using a software called a device driver; installing this software enables the OS to provide video, universal serial bus, integrated drive electronics and serial advanced technology attachment support. The OS stores pre-existing drivers to the System32 folder. If Windows is having difficulty interfacing with the above devices, reinstall the chipset driver found in System32. If Windows has failed to install the proprietary drivers for the V2000 chipset -- instead relying on generic drivers to interface with the hardware -- download and install the chipset software from the HP website.

Instructions

Within Windows

1. Click "Start." Right-click "My Computer" and select "Properties" from the context menu. Go to the Hardware tab, then click "Device Manager."

2. Double-click "System Devices." Right-click each device containing the name of the chipset or the chipset manufacturer, Intel and then click "Uninstall."

3. Restart the computer; Windows XP will reinstall the chipset drivers for the Compaq Presario V2000 the next time the OS boots.

From HP Customer Care

4. Go to the HP website and look up the V2000. Select your operating system from the options.

5. Scroll to "Operating System - Enhancements and QFEs." Click "Intel Chipset Installation Utility."

6. Click "Download." Double-click the file on your computer after the download completes to install the Compaq Presario V2000 chipset. Follow the on-screen directions to complete the installation wizard.

Tags: Compaq Presario, Compaq Presario V2000, Presario V2000, reinstall chipset, then click, V2000 chipset, your computer

Use An Imac As A Daw

A digital audio workstation (DAW) is made up of a computer, software and hardware system.

DAW stands for "Digital Audio Workstation." Many computer systems are capable of becoming a DAW on different levels. Some DAW systems require PCI cards or specific hardware that requires a specific computer type or interface connections. Others operate from FireWire or USB connections. An iMac is a very capable computer and can be used with most FireWire or USB DAW systems that work on Apple's OSX operating system.

Instructions

Using an iMac as a DAW

1. Closely check the compatibility of your iMac and OSX version to the DAW system you'd like to use.

2. Install the software according to DAW manufacturer's instructions.

3. Install hardware, if any, and external FireWire drive according to the documentation with the DAW system.

4. Check the formatting of the FireWire drive. It should be Mac OS Extended (Journaled) unless otherwise instructed by the DAW documentation. You can check by highlighting the drive, then select "Get info" under the Finder's File menu.

Tags: FireWire drive

Get A Cheap Gaming Laptop Or Computer

Online gaming has become an incredibly popular form of entertainment, especially in the last 10 years, as technology has improved. Games like World of Warcraft have opened up a new realm of enjoyment to individuals who in the past typically did not play video games. On the flipside, finding a cheap gaming laptop or computer can be quite difficult.

As computer graphics eventually evolved from 2D to 3D, computer users wanting to get the best experience from their game-playing were required to purchase quality video cards and systems capable of handling and processing high memory and graphic usage. Unfortunately, these computer systems, as many might have found in their search for a reasonably priced computer, are very expensive -- especially those that are considered top-of-the-line. Fortunately, there are ways to get a good, inexpensive gaming laptop or computer, as long as you know shop around. Read on to learn more about get a cheap gaming laptop or computer.

Instructions

1. Consider what specifically you'd like out of your laptop or computer. Obviously, if you're wanting a gaming laptop, then you're going to need a good video card. Unfortunately, these can be quite expensive, and are part of what drives up the cost of gaming PCs. You'll also need a computer with lots of RAM and a fast, efficient processor. If you're looking to get a cheap gaming laptop, that means you might want to consider skimping on the other bells and whistles (hard drive size, etc) to drive down the cost.

2. Look for discounts. Sign up for mailing lists with different computer stores and manufacturers. Sometimes, they will occasionally send you deals, rebates or coupon offers in the mail that will cut down the costs of a possible cheap gaming laptop or computer.

3. Shop around to find the best price. Many people will just waltz into Comp USA or some other computer retailer, expecting to find some low-price computer waiting for purchase. But usually, these chain stores do not always offer the best price. Search around online to find bargains.

4. Buy refurbished. This is one of the best ways to get a cheap gaming laptop or computer. Computer manufacturers sometimes refurbish some of their less recent models, driving down the cost of the PC by several hundred dollars but still offering a good product with many of the gaming capabilities you may be looking for. They also typically offer 1-2 year warranties as well.

5. Buy used. Online auction sites like eBay are good ways to find an inexpensive gaming laptop in relatively good condition. There are some certain risks, however: most of these do not come with warranties, so if there is damage to it or it in some way malfunctions, you will have to cover the repair costs yourself.

Tags: gaming laptop, laptop computer, cheap gaming laptop, cheap gaming, gaming laptop computer

General Types Of Threats That Affect Information Systems

There are many potential threats to the integrity of an information system. Within your information system, you can find databases, servers, networks and client machines. Any one of these can be ground zero for infiltration, sabotage or theft. By learning about these general risks, you can prepare yourself to defend your information system and safeguard your data.

Mismanaged Privilege Levels

An information system is only as secure as those with access to it have proper oversight. If you give employees privileges beyond what they need to do their jobs, they may cause any manner of problems. For instance, an employee whose job it is to troubleshoot your databases can steal or rearrange information if you give them administrator privileges. Another problem that can arise from not managing privilege levels is known as "accidental disclosure." This can occur when an employee stumbles on confidential information and then sends the information to someone else. The employee may or may not know the information in question is confidential.

Software Configuration

Information systems can become compromised when the software running it is altered. Databases, servers and clients all have software telling them operate, and each piece of software has configuration settings. For example, someone in your organization could tweak a server so it will allow non-company computers to join your network. If this occurs, you will notice a sharp decrease in Internet speed as any number of computers steal your bandwidth. Operating systems are also vulnerable to this type of tampering, and any number of configuration changes can leave your system vulnerable. Additionally, if an employee fails to update an operating system or if misconfigured software interferes with this process, it will miss important security patches and upgrades.

Malware

You can inadvertently leave your information system open to malware such as Trojans, rootkits and trapdoors if you do not ensure its various data access points. For example, DHCP servers do not have strong security by default. They will assign any computer an IP address that requests it. You should use authenticated DHCP servers to ensure only your company's computers gain access. In addition, you can use antivirus programs to scan the information that is flowing in and out of your server. This will help you keep your network secure, and also to identify and quarantine infected computers.

Poor Planning

Another thing that information systems can be at risk from is poor organizational planning. You must have clear contingency plans set up in case the system is compromised. Once you have created a clear, concise contingency plan, you should test it under different conditions to ensure it will work. In the event of a catastrophe, you should have clear backups ready to kick in at a moment's notice. Poor planning may be the biggest threat of all to information systems, because it can compound any other problem that might arise.

Tags: information system, your information, your information system, DHCP servers, have clear

Successfully Overclock A Pentium D 805

Speed up the Intel Pentium D 805 with overclocking.

Intel Pentium D 805 processors are average CPUs used in desktop computers. The CPU's operating speed influences the computer's operating speed. Increasing the Intel Pentium D 805's operating speeds gives the PC increased speed, allowing tasks to be completed faster and more tasks to be performed at once. Overclocking boosts the Intel Pentium D 805's speed past the default levels. The BIOS of the CPU is edited to overclock the Intel Pentium D 805.

Instructions

1. Start the computer containing the Intel Pentium D 805. Press the appropriate key (either one of the "F" keys or the "Escape" key, depending on your computer) and enter the boot menu. Locate and enter the "BIOS" menu.

2. Access the "External Bus" menu. Highlight the entry listed in the "Front Bus" field and press "Enter." Press the "Up" arrow key once to raise the value. Press "Enter" to confirm the change. This increases the Intel Pentium D 805's front bus speed.

3. Access the "CPU Core" menu. Highlight the entry listed in the "Multiplier" field and press "Enter." Press the "Up" arrow key once to raise the value by 1. Press "Enter" to confirm the change. This raises the Intel Pentium D 805's front bus frequency.

4. Return to the boot menu. Press "Save and Exit" to accept all changes and finish booting the computer. The Intel Pentium D 805 is now overclocked.

Tags: Intel Pentium, arrow once, arrow once raise, boot menu, change This

Enable Iommu Bios

IOMMU (I/O Memory Management Unit) is a feature supported by motherboard chipsets that provides enhanced virtual-to-physical memory mapping capabilities, including the ability to map large portions of non-contiguous memory. IOMMU can be enabled in the motherboard's BIOS, in order to resolve issues with virtual machine device drivers.

Instructions

1. Reboot the computer and note the key specified to access or enter "Setup" in the initial boot message displayed when the computer first boots.

2. Reboot the computer and immediately press and hold down the keyboard key or keys specified in the initial boot message. Note the navigation keys specified in the BIOS setup screen that appears. Usually the keys specified are the "Up," "Down," "Left," and "Right" arrow keys to move the cursor, "Page Up" and "Page Down" to highlight a selection in a list, the "Tab" key to move horizontally through settings, and the "Enter" key to select a highlighted setting.

3. Navigate through each BIOS screen using the "arrow" keys and find the "IOMMU," "I/O Memory Management Unit," or "Intel ® VT-d"setting (usually located under the "Advanced" or "Chipset/Northbridge/Tylersburg IOH/Intel VT for Directed I/O Configuration"settings menu). Move the cursor over the setting selection box using the "arrow" keys and press the "Page Up" or "Page Down" or specified key to select "Enabled."

4. Press the "F10" key or navigate to the "Exit" menu using the "arrow" keys and move the cursor to the "Save and Exit" item and press the "Enter" key. Move the cursor to the "Yes" selection when confirmation to save settings is presented and press the "Enter" key to save the setting.

Tags: arrow keys, keys specified, using arrow, using arrow keys, arrow keys move, boot message

Gigabyte 8s661fhmprz Specifications

The motherboard determines what kind of case, CPU and memory a computer can use.

Gigabyte Technology is one of the top selling motherboard manufacturers in the world with an annual revenue of $2.5 billion in FY2010. Like many motherboard manufacturers, it produces dozens of different variants on similar motherboards that mostly differ in terms of form factor, memory types supported and CPU manufacturer. This series has been discontinued due to changing standards.

General

The 8S661FHMP-RZ is an Intel motherboard with a micro-ATX (244mm x 232mm/9.6in x 9.1in) form factor. The northbridge/southbridge chipsets are SiS661FX / SiS964, with a maximum front side bus of 800mHZ. The northbridge also includes onboard video, network, SATA controller and sound processor chips.

CPU and Memory Support

The CPU socket type on this motherboard is Socket 478, which can support many CPU's from the Pentium 4 range (Williamette, Northwood, Prescott, Extreme Edition), as well as the lower-spec Celeron range. This socket type does not support dual-core processors, but it does support HyperThreading. The memory type supported is DDR SDRAM, with two DIMM slots. The maximum amount of supported RAM is 2.0 GB.

Expansion Slots

The 8S661FHMP-RZ is one of the last boards manufactured before PCI-Express became standard for both video cards and other expansion cards. There is one dedicated video AGP x4/x8 slot and three PCI 2.2 expansion slots.

Input / Output

Internal connectors include two SATA-133 connectors and one SATA-150 connector, two USB 2.0 connectors that support support two devices each and one PATA port for a floppy disk attachment. Rear panel external I/O ports include line-in, line-out and microphone audio ports, one RJ-45 port for built-in ethernet, COM, LPT and game serial ports, PS/2 connectors for mouse and keyboard and USB 2.0 connectors.

Tags: does support, form factor, motherboard manufacturers, socket type

Take Apart A Dell Inspiron Laptop

One of the biggest weaknesses of the Dell Inspiron series notebooks is that the cooling fan cannot be accessed from the outside, so you have to take it apart in order to clean it. If you want to add memory, change video cards, clean the cooling fan or replace the keyboard of your Dell Inspiron laptop computer, you will need to disassemble various components of the unit. The Dell Inspiron can be disassembled with some basic tools in about 1 to 2 hours.

Instructions

1. Turn off the laptop. Make sure the laptop has been shutdown completely and that the computer is no longer plugged into a wall outlet. Remove the battery. If you have recently been using the computer, wait at least 3 to 4 hours before disassembling it to reduce the amount of static discharge.

2. Open the screen. Open the screen up completely so that the laptop lays completely flat. Make sure it is securely positioned on a flat, hard surface.

3. Remove the keyboard panel. Pry off the strip of plastic located directly above the keyboard. This piece is covering several screws attached to the motherboard, and removing this first is the easiest way to get to the motherboard components and the cooling fan.

4. Remove keyboard screws. Use the Phillips head screwdriver to remove the four screws holding the keyboard down. Set the screws aside in a safe place.

5. Remove the keyboard. Gently tug on the keyboard and lift it up to reveal the ventilation fan and the tab holding the keyboard to the motherboard. You can now clean the ventilation fan if you need to.

6. Begin disassembling the motherboard. Use the Phillips head screwdriver to unscrew the large screw located in the center of the motherboard. This screw is holding two large metal plates covering the motherboard together.

7. Remove the motherboard cover plates. Gently lift the detached plates off the laptop and set aside in a safe place.

8. Remove the cooling fan. Use the Phillips head screwdriver to unscrew the cooling fan panel; you will need to unscrew three screws located around the fan, then lift the cooling fan out of its holder. You can now clean out the cooling fan if necessary.

9. Close the laptop. Place a clean, thin dishcloth over the motherboard and gently close the screen. Turn the entire laptop over so that the base is now facing up and the battery is facing away from you.

10. Unscrew hard drive and memory components. The hard drive is located in the bottom right hand corner; the memory unit is located in the center of the laptop. Unscrew both of these by removing the small screws at the bottom of each unit and remove the covers on each.

11. Remove Wi-Fi cover. The Wi-Fi unit is located at the top left of the laptop; remove the two screws from this unit and lift the Wi-Fi cover off the laptop. Set it aside.

12. Remove the wireless card. You will see two antenna cables attached to the wireless card inside the Wi-Fi unit. Remove the wireless card by detaching these wires and lifting it out of the unit.

13. Remove the RAM memory. Gently pull the RAM module out of the slot by disengaging the spread latches on either side of the memory unit.

14. Remove the hard drive. Remove the three screws on the right hand side of the hard drive unit and lift the hard drive out.

15. Pull out the CD/DVD drive. Remove the screw securing the CD/DVD drive into the laptop base, then pop the drive open with a paper clip. Carefully pull the CD/DVD drive out of the computer and set it aside.

Tags: hard drive, Dell Inspiron, head screwdriver, Phillips head, Phillips head screwdriver, Remove keyboard

Does K9n Platinum Support Ddr400

Not all memory chips are compatible with all motherboards. Each motherboard requires memory of a particular type, speed and interface. Even if the memory fits into the board, the motherboard may not be able to process the memory chip. The MSI K9N Platinum does not support DDR400 memory, as the memory is not compatible with the requirements of the board.

Compatibility

The MSI K9N Platinum supports dual double data rate II synchronous dynamic random access memory -- (DDR2 SDRAM). DDR2 SDRAM transfers data at a rate twice as fast as its predecessor, DDR SDRAM, but at half the speed of its successor, DDR3 SDRAM. DDR RAM is not compatible with DDR2, so the MSI K9N Platinum cannot use DDR400 memory.

Requirements

The DDR400, also known as PC-3200, transfers data at a peak rate of 3200 MB/s, and does 400 million data transfers a second. The MSI K9N Platinum supports DDR2-533, DDR2-667 and DDR2-800 RAM. Memory installed to the MSI K9N Platinum can transfer data at a peak rate of 6400 MB/s -- twice the rate of the DDR-400 -- and can perform up to 800 million data transfers a second.

Specifications

The MSI K9N Platinum provides four total slots to install DDR2 RAM. The motherboard requires 240-pin, dual in-line memory modules (DIMMs). The board cannot process DIMMs of another pin specification. The motherboard supports up to 8 GB of memory.

Basics

Random access memory (RAM) is a form of volatile memory. The computer temporarily stores data to the RAM for processing. The computer cannot access data or run applications without first moving the information to the memory. The RAM loses all of the data stored to it when the computer is powered off.

Tags: compatible with, access memory, data peak, data peak rate, data rate, data transfers

Asus A1000 Specs

Asus A1000 was a series of notebook computers made by AsusTek. This set of laptops was first produced in 2001 and is no longer available from AsusTek. However, replacement parts and upgrades are available from a variety of vendors on the Internet.

Processor

Each A1000 notebook computer came equipped with either an Intel Pentium III or Intel Celeron processor, both were mPGA2 package type. The Pentium III processors associated with these computers had clock speeds of 450 to 1000 MHz. The Celeron processors had clock speeds of 450 to 850 MHz. Both types of processors had Intel SiS 630 chipsets. The speed of the front side bus, the main connection between the processor and the system memory, was 100 MHz.

System Memory

The Asus A1000 series computers came with 64 MB of PC-100 SDRAM (synchronous dynamic random access memory), which was non-removable. The laptops also had an additional socket for memory that would support one 256 MB small outline dual inline memory module (SODIMM). Therefore, the maximum memory that the A1000 notebooks could support was 320 MB.

Display

The A1000 laptops were equipped with one of two display sizes: a 12.1-inch active matrix SVGA TFT or a 13.3-inch active matrix XGA TFT. The 12.1-inch screen had a maximum resolution of 800 by 600 pixels. The 13.3-inch screen had a maximum resolution of 1024 by 768 pixels.

Graphics

The graphics for the A1000 series computers were integrated on the Intel SiS 630 chipset. Between 2 and 32 MB of the system memory could be shared with the graphics controller for the video memory.

Disk Drives

Each Asus A1000 laptop was equipped with a 2.5-inch IDE hard disk drive that supported Ultra DMA 33 or 66. The capacities of the hard drives ranged from 5 to 20 GB. Each notebook also had a 5.25-inch CD-ROM drive with 24x read speed. A DVD-ROM drive was optional for these computers.

PCMCIA

The A1000 laptops had a PCMCIA 2.1 card slot that supported two Type II devices or one Type III device. PCMCIA devices were sold separately and could have included additional hard drive, extra battery, video card, audio card and other peripheral devices.

Networking

The Asus A1000 notebook was equipped with standard 56 Kbps V.90 modem and a LAN connection built into the SiS 630 chipset.

Ports

The A1000 laptops were equipped with several input/output ports, including one IrDA infrared port, one serial D-sub port, three audio ports, two USB ports, one PS/2 port, one VGA monitor port, one parallel printer port and one S-Video port.

Battery Life

Each A1000 notebook came with an eight-cell lithium-ion battery. The battery had a run time of 3 hours. The battery charged in 4 hours while powered on or 2.5 hours while powered off.

Dimensions

The physical dimensions of the Asus A1000 laptops were 300 to 316 mm wide by 249.5 mm deep by 41 mm high. The width depends upon the screen size: 12.1-inch versus 13.3-inch. The 12.1-inch laptops weighed 6.38 pounds or 2.9 kg. The 13.3-inch laptops weighed 6.6 pounds or 3.0 kg.

Tags: Asus A1000, equipped with, A1000 laptops, A1000 laptops were, A1000 notebook, A1000 series, laptops were

Diy Plans For A Laptop

Building a laptop is an enjoyable project that has many benefits. As is the case with desktops, if you build your own laptop you get a great deal more performance for less money. You can also build it to the exact specifications you need rather buying a pre-manufactured laptop and upgrading certain parts. Another advantage, aside from the sheer pleasure of building the laptop, is that you can ensure every detail is attended to so as to avoid future hardware failures due to oversights.

The Shell

The first component you need to build your laptop is what's known as a bare-bones laptop. A bare-bones laptop is manufactured with only the absolutely essential components. These components include the LCD screen and case, the motherboard, chassis, speakers, touch-pad, connectivity ports and, in most cases, a graphics processing unit (GPU). If you are building your laptop for graphics intensive use and want a custom GPU, it is possible to get bare-bones models that do not include one so that you can install one separately. However, these can be difficult to find.

The Components

When selecting your other components, keep in mind you need to shop according to the specifications of your bare-bones shell. This means the components need to be compatible with the motherboard and fit in the case. Do not purchase more parts than you have space for. This may sound like a no-brainer, but you should carefully consider what parts you will want to install and how many USB and firewire ports you will need in your laptop before purchasing the bare-bones shell. When purchasing your processor, be sure you buy one your motherboard supports. When it comes down to cooling, since you are already saving money, it is advisable to go top of the line with heat-sinks, fans and cooling gel. A good cooling system will drastically prolong the life of your hardware. You also need to ensure you purchase RAM compatible with your motherboard. Because there is generally little room for expansion in a laptop, it is best to get the largest DIMs possible when buying RAM so that you can use the available slots efficiently. Choosing your wireless card should be fairly simple since there are not many available. Look for the fastest and most updated card available.

Assembly

Once you have obtained all of your parts, the assembly of your laptop is straightforward. The most difficult part will be installing the CPU. Follow the instructions that came with your shell and never force a piece into place. If you are having trouble inserting a piece, be sure it is turned the right direction, that the pins match the holes and that it is a compatible component. Once the CPU is installed, the rest is basically plug and play. Use the directions that came with your shell and insert all of the components. Reassemble the case and you are ready to install the drivers, operating system and start using your new laptop.

Tags: your laptop, with your, bare-bones laptop, bare-bones shell, build your

Asus A8n32 Sli Deluxe Motherboard Problems

Asus A8N32 SLI Deluxe motherboard users might encounter problems when upgrading.

The Asus A8N32 SLI Deluxe motherboard is a generally well-reviewed motherboard; however, some users and reviewers have encountered problems with the device. Most of the motherboard's problems arise when performing upgrades.

SP3 General Problem

The A8N32 motherboard is one of the AMD-based processor motherboards affected by a notable Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 3 (SP3) problem. The computer runs a file for Intel-based motherboards that damages the Windows installation when upgrading to SP3 from an older version of Windows XP.

SP3 Specific Problem

The A8N32 motherboard also suffers additional problems with Windows XP SP3 if it does not have a recent enough version installed. The older version of the motherboard's basic input/output system (BIOS) is incompatible with SP3.

Skipping SP3

If flashing the BIOS does not fix the problem with SP3, you can try upgrading to a newer version of Windows -- such as Vista or 7 -- or stick with SP2. However, you will miss out on important security updates under SP2.

Larger Heatsinks Won't Fit

"PC World," in reviewing the motherboard, advises that larger heat sinks will not fit correctly on the motherboard. This might be a problem if you want to overclock your processor and need a better cooling solution to prevent system damage.

Tags: A8N32 Deluxe, A8N32 Deluxe motherboard, A8N32 motherboard, Asus A8N32, Asus A8N32 Deluxe

Remove & Reload Windows Xp

Windows XP can be reinstalled in 30 to 60 minutes.

Microsoft Windows XP is a widely recognized operating system used in millions of homes and offices. However, you may find the need to reformat your existing copy and reinstall a new, fresh version of the system. This is generally due to a decrease in computer performance or to remedy other stability issues. If you wish to remove and reload Windows XP, it can be effectively achieved with your Windows XP installation disc.

Instructions

1. Turn on your computer and insert your Windows XP disc into your computer's CD/DVD ROM. This will automatically launch the Windows XP setup wizard. In the event the disc is not recognized, launch the BIOS menu and modify the computer's boot priority settings. Save your changes and exit to initiate setup. BIOS access varies by motherboard manufacturer; however, the instructions are clearly noted as soon as your computer is turned on. This may range between the "F1" key, "F2," "F12" or "Delete."

2. Read and accept the Windows XP license agreement by pressing "F8." Select the drive in which Windows XP needs to be installed. If installing in the same drive where your previous Windows XP copy resides, it will automatically remove it before copying the new data. If you wish to install it on a different drive, select it and press "Enter" to continue.

3. Select to format your hard drive under the "NTFS" file format and allow the setup to prepare all system files. Your computer will be automatically restarted and setup will then resume. During startup, you will be presented with an option stating "Press any key to boot from CD." Do not press any key, as this will launch you back into the Windows XP initial setup procedure.

4. Follow the on-screen instructions such as setting your region, language, and entering your product key. Such serial number can be found on the front cover of your Windows XP users' manual. Continue setting all installation instructions. When finished, your computer will be automatically restarted.

5. Enable "Automatic Settings" from the Windows XP Welcome screen. Select your Internet connection type such as network connectivity or a direct Internet connection. If you own a router or are connected to a Local Area Network, select "Yes, this computer will connect through a local area network or home network." Otherwise select "No, this computer will connect directly to the Internet."

6. Activate your copy of Windows XP by Internet, modem or telephone. If you choose to do so at a later time, go to "Start," then "Programs," followed by "Accessories," select "System Tools" and launch "Activate Windows." Create all necessary user profiles and click "Finish" to complete your new Windows XP installation.

Tags: computer will, will automatically, your Windows, your computer, automatically restarted, computer will automatically, computer will connect

Repair A Power Supply In A Dell Laptop

Replace the power supply when the laptop has intermitent power.

When you need to repair the power supply in a Dell laptop, you need to repair the DC jack. In most cases, this is a repair when the laptop does not turn on when plugged into the power outlet, but does when the battery is charged, or when you have intermittent power to the machine. If you constantly have to wiggle the power connection on the back of the laptop, you need to replace the power supply.

Instructions

Disassembly

1. Disconnect the laptop from the power outlet and disconnect any external devices or other cables from the laptop. Turn the laptop over, remove the battery and remove all the screws from the bottom of the laptop. Keep them in small paper cups so you can replace them easily. Remove the plastic covers, RAM and the Wi-Fi card. Turn the computer to the side and slide out the CD/DVD device.

2. Turn the laptop back over face-up but place the rear of the machine toward you. Remove the screws from the plastic hinges with the flat edge of a precision screwdriver. Face the computer front to you and open the screen as far back as it will go. Pull the plastic screen hinges and attached plastic power button up until the front plate comes off. Refer to your computer manual to make sure the power plate for your model is removed in this way. Some power plates do not require you to lift the plastic hinges but just the plate above the keyboard.

3. Remove the screws that hold the keyboard and lift the keyboard from the top corners. Raise the data cable lever about 1 millimeter. This lever does not come off just raises to unlock the data cable. Pull the cable out and remove the keyboard.

4. Locate the side bay for the hard drive. This will be a rectangular plastic cover on the side. Remove the screw that holds the cover from underneath the laptop, if you haven't already. Slide the hard drive assembly out and set it aside.

5. Remove the screws that hold the interior hinges to the laptop and disconnect the screen connectors. Place the screen to the side. Turn the bottom assembly on all sides and remove any screws that you find.

6. Insert the flat edge of a precision screwdriver in the seam of the plastic top and bottom cover of the bottom assembly. Pry the plastics apart gently starting at one corner. You will hear the interior plastic clips start to open. Disconnect the touchpad cable from the motherboard and set the upper plastic assembly away. Remove the screws that hold the heatsink to the processor. Set the heatsink aside. Remove the screws from the motherboard that hold it to the bottom plastic cover.

Power Jack Repair

7. Turn the laptop motherboard over bottom side-up on your work surface with the DC jack in front of you. Add new fresh solder to all three contacts that hold the DC jack. This makes the old solder become loose and makes it easy to remove. As you are heating a contact, remove the solder using a desoldering pump. Do the same with the other two contacts. Remove as much solder as you can.

8. Place your thumb and third finger on the jack and wiggle it back and forth to start removing it. It may not come off on the first time. Heat the contacts again with the soldering iron and continue to wiggle the jack until it comes off.

9. Remove old flux from the terminals using a toothbrush dipped in alcohol. Gently brush away the flux from the terminals only.

10. Replace the old power supply DC jack with a new jack made for your Dell model. You can purchase these at local computer store or at an online computer store like Geeks, New Egg or eBay (See Resources.)

11. Place the new jack on a folded cloth on the table with the pins facing upward. Place the motherboard upside down over the jack and allow the jack terminals to insert into the motherboard. Soldering the jack in this way will ensure a good pin connection. Apply fresh solder to all the power jack terminals on this side of the motherboard. Turn the motherboard over and apply solder to this side of the terminals. Allow the solder to dry and return the motherboard in its correct position to the laptop. Refasten to the bottom plastic and replace all other parts in the reverse order from which you took it apart.

Tags: that hold, screws that, Remove screws, screws from, screws that hold

Replace A Gateway Laptop Keyboard

Laptop computers are designed to be more convenient to transport and use than desktop computers. Unfortunately, their compact all-in-one design can make them significantly more difficult to work on when you have to attempt to upgrade or repair them. When attempting to replace a keyboard on a Gateway laptop, you might discover the frustration of having to repair a laptop firsthand; fortunately, these repairs are generally much easier to actually perform than they may seem at first. Replacing a Gateway laptop keyboard should only take a few minutes, meaning that your laptop can be fully functional again in no time flat.

Instructions

1. Visit the Gateway support document website and locate the "User's Guide" section of the listings for your laptop model. You should be able to locate either a "component replacement manual," or a document focusing specifically on replacement of the keyboard for that model (as different models of keyboards have slightly different methods of removing the keyboard.) You may also wish to check the FAQ's in the support documents of your model, as they may also contain information on replacing the keyboard.

2. Power down your Gateway laptop and remove the battery. This will not only ensure that you don't accidentally damage your laptop by powering it up while working on its components, but may also be necessary to reach the mounting screws for your laptop's keyboard. Press the power button once after the battery has been removed to discharge any remaining electricity that the laptop may have stored.

3. Consult the support documents for your Gateway laptop model and find out where the keyboard mounting screws are located. There will most likely be between two and five screws, depending on the specific model of laptop that you own. You may be required to remove the keyboard bezel (the strip of plastic that runs along the top of the keyboard) in order to reach some or all of the screws; this can be done either by sliding the bezel off to the right of the laptop or by simply lifting it off once loosened (though you may need to use a coin or flat-head screwdriver to detach clips or pry the bezel out of its resting location.)

4. Remove the screws holding the keyboard in place. The screws will either be located on the bottom of the laptop (under the space that the battery occupies) or beneath the keyboard bezel. Put the screws in a safe place where they will not be lost, since you will need to use them to secure the new keyboard.

5. Lift the keyboard up from the bottom, detaching the keyboard connector and pulling the keyboard itself free from the Gateway laptop, then setting it aside. You may need to once again use a coin or flat-head screwdriver in order to depress clips which might be holding the keyboard in place.)

6. Plug your new keyboard into the keyboard connector, then carefully place it back into the space previously occupied by your old keyboard. If the keyboard is designed to be held in place by clips, press down with sufficient pressure to clip the keyboard into place.

7. Replace the screws that you had previously removed from the Gateway laptop. Make sure that the screws are firmly in place both to ensure that the keyboard is secure and also to eliminate any potential problems with replacing the bezel or battery.

8. Reattach the bezel (if you removed it) and the laptop battery, making sure that all components have been reattached and are firmly secured. Once the battery is back in place, press the power button to power up the Gateway laptop and give your operating system a chance to recognize the newly-installed keyboard.

Tags: Gateway laptop, your laptop, Gateway laptop, coin flat-head, coin flat-head screwdriver

Overclock A Computer Cpu

Feed your need for speed by overclocking your CPU.

Overclocking relates to increasing the factory-mandated clock speed of a processor above the manufacturer's settings. You can apply this process to random access memory, graphics cards and central processing units, or CPUs. In the case of CPUs, the major factor that you must account for and control is the additional heat generated by the increase in voltage that's needed in order to raise the clock speed.

Instructions

1. Find and make note of all the CPU specifications by searching the manufacturer's website -- either Intel or AMD -- using the CPU's model number. Here you will also find information on the front-side bus (FSB) frequency, input voltages, maximum temperature recommendations and all factors pertaining to CPU performance.

2. Optimize the heat sink efficiency using a process called lapping. This multistep procedure makes the heat sink contact surface that sits on top of the CPU as flat and smooth as possible. The easiest way is to purchase a lapping kit that includes three or four grades of sand paper, a mirror, a grid pattern and instructions. This process requires about three hours of your time.

3. Open the basic input-output system, or BIOS, of the computer by using the access keys. These keys vary by manufacturer, but are generally "F1," "F12," "F10" and/or the "Esc" key. If you know the motherboard vendor, you can usually find this information on its website.

4. Check the BIOS options available to you. Generally, major manufacturers limit the user-activated control options. If so, you may have other solutions available -- see Step 5. Otherwise, note the options in the BIOS settings to increase clock speed, voltage, FSB frequencies and other data listed on the BIOS control page.

5. Download and install an overclocking program such as CPU-Z, SetFSB or similar (see Resources). These programs allow you to control several aspects of CPU overclocking if your motherboard is among those listed in the software control grid. If your motherboard is not listed and the manufacturer has restricted access to CPU control functions, check the overclocking forums to see if your motherboard model number has an alternate model number that is listed.

6. Review the cooling systems within your computer case before attempting to overclock your CPU. Because heat is the enemy here, if there are slots for additional fans, install them. You can power these by the same output as your original fan by attaching the black and red wires of the additional fans to the existing power supply output. Use your CPU's model number to search online for a heat sink cooling fan for the top of your CPU (see Resources). These fans can often drop the ambient CPU temperature by as much as 10 percent.

7. Begin overclocking by doubling the FSB frequency multiple. Refer to your notes from Step 4 if your BIOS provided specific amounts of voltage increases. Otherwise, raise the CPU voltage in 10 percent increments. After each bump in CPU speed, check CPU temperature -- anything above 125 degrees F can cause instability -- watch for temperature spikes and reboot at a 20 percent clock speed increase. Check for stability by opening several programs, a favorite game or running Prime95, a freeware stability checker.

Tags: clock speed, model number, heat sink, your motherboard, additional fans, output your

Create Msi Packages

Create MSI packages for your documents.

MSI, or Microsoft Installer, is a software application program that allows PC users to install and remove programs from their computer. Users can utilize MSI to create packages for installing text files, converting executable (.EXE) files and modifying files and folders either locally or from a remote computer. The program offers various wizards and help options, but it's good to know the basics of MSI Package creation before getting started.

Instructions

1. Open your MSI application by either double-clicking the Desktop icon or finding it under "Programs," then "Advanced Installer" in the "Start" menu. A pop-up dialogue box should appear, offering different project template options. Choose the "Simple" format under the "Generic Templates" section. Uncheck the "Use Wizard to Create the Project" box located jut underneath the template options, and then click "OK."

2. Click the "Files and Folders" icon located on the left-hand side of the window. Two options should appear titled "Application Folder" and "Application Shortcut Folder." Click the "Application Folder" icon to highlight it, and then click the "Add Files..." button located on the toolbar at the top of the window. Browse to find the document you wish to create a package for, and then select it by double-clicking it.

3. Click the "Build" button from the toolbar at the top of the window to pull up a drop-down menu. Select "Build Project." A pop-up window should appear, measuring the progress of your package building. Once the building is complete, click "Run." Follow the wizard through the last couple of steps to finish the process.

Tags: should appear, Application Folder, template options, then click, toolbar window

Dualchip Motherboards Information

A motherboard that features support for two CPUs is called a "dual chip" motherboard.

Dual-chip motherboards are used to increase multitasking and stability within a computer system. In this context, "chip" is another word for CPU, or central processing unit.

Dual Chip

The term "dual chip" refers to a motherboard's ability to accept two central processor units (CPUs). This is a form of multiprocessor (MP) motherboard, which adds computing power to process more information simultaneously. This is not the same thing as a multi-core processor, which is simply a single CPU chip with multiple cores.

Utility

Dual-chip motherboards are most commonly used with a server or a workstation. Workstations use complex programs like AutoCAD that require a large degree of multitasking, and having two CPUs helps with that tremendously. The implementation in servers is to add computing power, as well as stability. In case one of the CPUs fails, the other can still operate until the failure is replaced.

Requirements

Both CPUs need to run on the same voltage, and in most cases they need to be the same model of processor as well.

Tags: computing power, dual chip, Dual-chip motherboards, need same

Does Asus P4gbx Deluxe Motherboard Support Upgrading To Windows Xp

The Asus P4G8X Deluxe motherboard uses a Socket 478 processor interface. It supports Intel Pentium IV processors with front-side bus speeds up to 533 MHz. Asus includes driver software compatible with Microsoft Windows 95, 98, ME, 2000 and XP.

Compatibility

The Asus P4G8X Deluxe is fully compatible with the upgrade editions of Windows XP Home and Professional. Asus also includes XP drivers for the motherboard's integrated Broadcom NetXtreme Gigabit Ethernet card and Silicon Image Serial ATA adapter.

Benefits

The Windows XP installation disk includes an upgrade mode that lets you install the operating system without deleting your programs and files. It supports computers running Windows 98 and ME, but does not work with Windows 95 or 2000. If you originally installed Windows 98 or ME in your P4GBX Deluxe-based computer, you can upgrade to Windows XP.

Considerations

Before upgrading to Windows XP, make sure you have the original driver disk bundled with the Asus P4GBX Deluxe motherboard. You also can download the drivers from Asus's website. If you upgrade to Windows XP without the drivers on hand, you will not be able to access the Internet until you install the drivers for the motherboard's Broadcom Ethernet adapter.

Tags: Asus P4G8X, Asus P4G8X Deluxe, compatible with, Deluxe motherboard, drivers motherboard

Ecs P965ta Motherboard Problems

The ECS brand P965T-A model motherboard has four notable operational problems. The different problems range in severity from being a nuisance to niche users to making the board completely unusable to others.

BIOS Problems

According to Overclockers Online, the ECS P965T-A's BIOS does not have good overclocking support because it doesn't have an adjustable multiplier. This can also be a bad thing for people who are trying to run a CPU at its intended speed because hardware errors that adjust the CPU's clock speed can't be adjusted through the BIOS.

Two Disc Boot Options

The P965T-A's BIOS views optical disc drives connected to different SATA and PATA ports as separate bootable devices in the BIOS. This can be tricky because you have to select which drive you want to boot from in BIOS, instead of the traditional way of setting both devices in the boot order with a singular option.

PCI-Express x1 Slots Disabled

If you are using two PCI Express VGA cards, one of the PCI-Express x1 slots will be disabled. However, the other x1 slot will be usable.

General Failure

Many users have complained that the P965T-A will not turn on when they first install it. This is indicative of hardware failure, meaning the motherboard will not work.

Tags: P965T-A BIOS

Compare Weight On Dell Laptops

When considering portability, laptop weight is an important aspect.

One of the chief advantages laptops have over desktop computers is their portability. On of the most important factors regarding portability is weight. While you want a sturdy laptop, chances are you don't want to carry around a heavy laptop.

Compare the Specs

Perhaps the easiest way to compare the weight of different Dell models is to look at the specifications for different models. Weight is typically mentioned in the section regarding the physical dimensions of the laptop.

Features

The hardware and features included with your computer will likely affect the weight. For example, while a 9-cell battery lasts much longer than a 3-cell, it typically weighs a few pounds extra. Dell's Studio 15 laptop has a base weight of 5.54 lbs but Dell states it can weigh more with added features and advanced configurations.

Considerations

For ultimate portability, consider purchasing one of Dell's netbooks. A netbook is a small laptop designed specifically for maximum portability. With typical screen sizes of around 10 inches, netbooks typically sacrifice performance power for size.

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Upgrade Dual Memory Mode On An Asrock 880

The memory module on your motherboard

If the motherboard on your laptop computer is damaged or broken, you may need to replace it with a new one--such as an ASRock-model 775Dual-880 Pro. Before you install the new motherboard on your computer, make sure it has the appropriate amount of memory. If you discover that the memory on the ASRock needs to be upgraded, you can do it without the help of a technician.

Instructions

1. Locate the rectangular and green memory modules in the two memory compartments in the middle of the motherboard.

2. Pull the metal tabs on either side of the first memory module outward in order to release the module from its compartment. The module will pop up at a 45-degree angle. Repeat the process with the second module.

3. Pull the modules gently out of the compartments and replace them with the new modules. Make sure that the new modules are both DDM (Double Data Rate) memory modules, and are both the same brand, speed, size and chip-type.

4. Push the memory modules down at a 45-degree angle until the metal tabs lock in place. The modules will now be secure, and the memory on your motherboard will be upgraded.

Tags: memory modules, 45-degree angle, memory module, metal tabs, modules both, motherboard your

Get Rid Of Superfish

Superfish is a privately held company in the Silicon Valley that produces the Window Shopper add-on for your Internet Explorer or Firefox browser. Window Shopper gives you access to a database of millions of fashion products for sale on the Web. When you add Window Shopper to your browser, a Superfish eye appears next to the product images. Delete the Window Shopper add-on to remove Superfish.

Instructions

Firefox

1. Double-click the icon on your desktop to open Firefox. Alternatively, click the "Start" button, select "All Programs" and click "Firefox."

2. Click "Tools" from the menu bar at the top, select "Add-ons" and click "Superfish Window Shopper."

3. Click the "Uninstall" button to remove the Superfish Window Shopper add-on.

4. Close Firefox. The change takes effect the next time you open Firefox.

Internet Explorer

5. Double-click the icon on your desktop to open Internet Explorer. Alternatively, click the "Start" button, select "All Programs" and click "Internet Explorer."

6. Click "Tools" from the menu bar at the top, select "Manage Add-ons" and click "Superfish, Inc."

7. Click the "Uninstall" button to remove the Superfish Window Shopper add-on.

8. Close Internet Explorer. The change takes effect the next time you open Internet Explorer.

Tags: Window Shopper, Internet Explorer, Shopper add-on, Window Shopper add-on, remove Superfish

Diy Gigabyte S/Pdif Input

The X38 DQ6 motherboard has an S/PDIF port on the Realtek HD audio chip. S/PDIF is a way to transmit audio between two devices without any loss of sound quality through analog formats. You can send Dolby Digital or DTS formats to your device through your receiver without having to convert the output at the matrix level. With an S/PDIF cable, you can connect your receiver to your computer for high-quality sound in its original format.

Instructions

1. Attach the S/PDIF cable to the S/PDIF port on your receiver. Write down the input number at the top of the port. Attach the other end of the cable to your computer's S/PDIF "Out" port. Enter the input number into your receiver's remote control.

2. Click "Start" on your computer and click "Control Panel." Double-click "Hardware and Sound."

3. Click "Sound Effect Manager." Click "Speaker Configuration" and "6 or 8CH + S/PDIF."

4. Press the "Windows" and "R" key together. Type "mmsys.cpl" and press "Enter."

5. Double-click "Realtek Digital Output." Click "Supported Formats" and place a check in the boxes next to the formats supported by your receiver. Click "Apply" to save your changes.

6. Press the "Windows" and "R" key together again. Type "Wmplayer" and press "Enter." This will open the Windows Media Player.

7. Click "Tools," "Options," "Devices." Double-click "Speakers" and click "Realtek Digital Output." Click "Apply" and reboot your computer.

Tags: your receiver, your computer, PDIF port, Click Apply, Digital Output, Digital Output Click

Get The Front Usb To Work On An Msi Motherboard

USB anyone?

USB ports on computer systems are useful, especially when they are available on the front of the computer because they allow for easy access. The front side USB ports are connected to the case and must be wired to the motherboard in order for them to work. MSI motherboards are no different. Getting the front USB to work on an MSI motherboard can be easy as long as the user knows where to connect the port.

Instructions

1. Remove the side panel of the computer to access the motherboard.

2. Find the front USB cable for the case. The front USB cable is most likely bundled with other cables towards the front of the case. The cable has a rectangular connector and is labeled "USB."

3. Connect the front USB cable to the correct jumper on the MSI motherboard. As all motherboards (even those from the same brand) are different, refer to the motherboard manual for exact location of the USB jumper. The USB jumper is most likely towards the bottom of the motherboard, and two USB jumpers should be side-by-side. The front USB cable can only go onto the jumper one way. The front USB cable has one blocked-off slot (looking at the tip of the cable). Likewise, the jumper port has one needle missing. Use these missing points as a guide for aligning the cable to the jumper.

4. Replace the side panel to close the case.

Tags: front cable, most likely, side panel

Bring In Geraniums In The Fall

Plant geraniums in pots and bring indoors for the winter.

There are several methods of caring for geraniums over the winter. One old method called for keeping the plants in the basement, but modern heated basements do not provide the best conditions for overwintering geraniums. Some gardeners take cuttings of their geraniums and root them in the fall, providing a ready source of new plants in the spring. The recommended method to bring in geraniums in the fall is to pot the plants and enjoy them in the house over the winter. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Cut away the top two-thirds of the plant, leaving at least 6 inches of growth. Use clean, sharp pruning shears.

2. Dig up the plant, being careful to avoid damaging the roots.

3. Transplant the plant into a 6-inch pot. Give it plenty of water and place it in a sunny window.

4. Water the plant two to three times a week as needed to keep the soil moist.

5. Fertilize once a month with a houseplant fertilizer formula.

Tags: over winter

Wire A Motherboard P4 Connector

Connect the P1 and P4 connectors to the motherboard to supply power to the circuits.

The power supply provides electricity to the other components installed to the motherboard, as well as to the motherboard itself. The power supply connects to the motherboard through a P1 connector, a 20-pin cord supplying voltage lines through each individual cable that makes up the connector. Also found on the motherboard is the slot for the P4 12V (voltage) power supply connector. The P4 connector provides an additional 12 volts of power for Intel processors.

Instructions

1. Disconnect any cables attached to the I/O (Input/Output) panel located on the back of the case. Disconnect the power cord. Set the computer on its right side.

2. Loosen the screws securing the left cover to the computer. Pop off and slide away the computer's cover, and touch the chassis to ground yourself.

3. P1 Connector.

Locate the 20-pin P1 connector coming from the power supply. Insert the P1 connector into the 20-pin slot located on the motherboard.

4. Locate the 4-pin P4 connector coming from the power supply. The P4 connector looks similar to the P1 connector, except it has four pins, rather than 20.

5. Insert the P4 connector into the four-pin slot located on the motherboard.

Tags: power supply, coming from, coming from power, connector coming, connector coming from

Diy Micro Pcs

Build a smaller computer for a more spacious work area.

Tiny desktop computers, commonly known as "small form factor" or "micro" PCs, have become very popular in the last few years due to their increasing performance. But you don't need to spend $800 or more for a SFF PC. If you're familiar with full-size desktop components, you can build your own computer on the Mini ITX platform. Mini ITX motherboards and cases combine with desktop or laptop components to make a complete desktop at a fraction of the size of a standard ATX tower. Building any computer is challenging, and should not be attempted by a novice.

Instructions

1. Remove the access panel from the case. Depending upon your case, it may be secured by thumbscrews, magnets, latches or regular screws. Set the access panel aside. Remove the metal plate in the I/O panel.

2. Lower the motherboard into the case with the I/O panel facing toward the back of the case. Screw it into place at all the mounting locations; see your motherboard's documentation for clarification. Insert the RAM DIMM or DIMMs into their slots, pushing down until the tabs lock into place.

3. Lift the plate above the CPU slot. Place the CPU in the slot, then close the plate. Place a drop of thermal paste about the size of a pea on the exposed portion of the CPU. Place the CPU cooler on top, screw it into place and connect the 3- or 4-pin power cord to the motherboard.

4. Insert the DVD drive into the bay on the front of the case. Screw the drive into place. Connect a SATA cable to the back of the DVD drive, then to a SATA port on the motherboard. Insert the hard drive into its bay and screw it down. Connect a SATA cable to the back of the hard drive, then to a SATA port on the motherboard.

5. Remove the expansion plate from the back panel of the case. Insert the single-slot graphics card into thew PCIe slot on the motherboard. Screw it on to the case. (This step is optional; most Mini ITX motherboards include integrated video. You only need a discrete graphics card if your motherboard lacks video or you want more powerful graphics capabilities in your computer.)

6. Insert the power supply into the back of the case. Connect the power rails to the main motherboard jack, the CPU motherboard jack, the DVD drive, the hard drive and the graphics card (optional.) Connect the power and LED cables from the front of the case to their pins on the motherboard (see motherboard documentation for correct placement.)

7. Replace the access panel and screw or latch it into place. Your computer is assembled. Plug it in and connect it to a monitor, mouse and keyboard, then insert the operating disc to begin the OS install.

Tags: into place, access panel, drive into, graphics card, hard drive, back case

Computer Parts Needed To Build A Computer

Building a computer yourself can be more cost-effective than paying for a brand name computer out of a box. There are several different parts to buy, but when purchased individually they will not always add up to be very expensive. It is also easier to upgrade a computer you assembled yourself by switching parts out one at a time as needed.

Motherboard

The motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer and most of the other parts connect directly to it.

Processor

The processor is also sometimes knows as the central processing unit, or CPU, and is in charge of carrying out the operations programs use to run.

Hard Drive

The hard drive is the storage unit of the computer and holds the operating system as well as your personal files.

Video Card

The video card processes the visual information for computer programs, such as DVD watching software and video games.

Sound card

The sound card processes the sound information and is what the computer speakers connect to.

RAM

RAM, also called "memory," is temporary storage for the processes the CPU is carrying out, so the more RAm, the faster programs will run and the more programs can run simultaneously.

Optical Drives

Optical drives, also called disk drives, allow a user to use removable media such as CDs and DVDs.

Tags: also called, card processes

Careers With A Degree In Computer Architecture

A computer motherboard designed by a computer architect.

Computer architects are highly trained professionals who design and lay out computer systems. When pursuing a degree in computer architecture, it's important to have an idea of what careers are out there. There are a wide range of careers for people with a degree in computer architecture, but some are dependent on your level of education and the degree you have achieved. Someone with a bachelor's degree in computer architecture typically won't have as many career opportunities as someone with a master's degree.

Computer Architecture

The obvious career choice for someone with a degree in computer architecture is of course computer architecture. A career in computer architecture typically involves the design of computer systems using CAD or other engineering software. Depending on qualifications and experience, a computer architect can make around $100,000 per year in 2010, according to Job-Salary.com.

Robotics

From designing industrial robots to children's toys, the field of robotics is growing. Because of its growth, the industry is in need of computer scientists and architects. A career in robotics involves the complex interactions between robotics systems and computer hardware. Engineers and architects working in the field of robotics typically make approximately $50,000 per year in 2010, according to Education-Portal.com.

Aerospace and Defense

The aerospace and defense industries are among the most lucrative for computer architects. From designing aircraft computer systems to manufacturing control systems, there are career opportunities in the aerospace industry. Although salaries vary from company to company, a computer or systems architect can expect to earn approximately $70,000 per year as of 2010.

Military

The U.S. military has careers for someone with a degree in computer architecture. Whether designing weapons guidance systems for the Navy or aircraft systems for the Air Force, there are positions in every branch of the service. Most college graduates choose to be military officers as opposed to enlisted service members. The starting pay for a new military officer is typically around $30,000 per year, but overtime can reach up to $100,000 as of 2010, according to us-army-info.com.

Tags: degree computer architecture, computer architecture, computer systems, 2010 according, degree computer

Clean A Laptop Keyboard Spill

Clean spills on your keyboard as soon as possible to prevent permanent damage.

Spilling food or drinks onto a laptop can be a terrible experience. If liquid seeps into the hard drive or electrical components, the laptop can fail. Clean the laptop quickly after a spill to prevent severe damage to the laptop. Removing excess liquid is the most important aspect of cleaning a spill. The laptop can then be cleaned using isopropyl alcohol to remove sticky residue.

Instructions

1. Turn off and unplug the laptop as soon as possible after the spill.

2. Turn the laptop to the side and drain out any excess liquid from inside the computer.

3. Soak up any liquid on the laptop surface with a towel.

4. Remove any hardware such as external drives, cards, cables, mice, batteries and discs.

5. Pick up the laptop and hold it upside down. Slowly turn the laptop, allowing any pooled liquid to flow out through the side.

6. Dry the laptop and removable parts with a hair dryer on the coolest setting. Allow 24 hours for the parts and laptop to dry.

7. Dampen a cloth with isopropyl alcohol. Wipe the keyboard with the cloth to remove any sticky residue from the keys.

Tags: after spill, excess liquid, isopropyl alcohol, remove sticky, remove sticky residue, soon possible

Compare Laptop Motherboards

Compare Laptop Motherboards

Laptop motherboards are engineered to be as small as possible, as energy efficient as possible and as practical as possible. Although there is a very small market for laptop motherboards, since most people buy laptops as a complete working device, there is still enough competition to choose the right motherboard for your laptop build.

Instructions

1. Check what kind of CPU socket the motherboard has. If you want a powerful gaming laptop, opt for a motherboard that supports quad core technology. If you want a compact laptop that has a very long battery life, such as a netbook, choose a motherboard that supports microprocessors, like the Intel Atom. The faster the CPU, the faster your computer will run programs.

2. Determine what kind of hard drive you will want to use. Newer hard drives, such as the SSD (Solid State Drives) are very fast, but do not hold a lot of memory. SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) drives can hold a much larger amount of data but are a tad slower. If your goal is maximum speed, you can buy an SSD and use an external hard drive to store all your data.

3. Check how much RAM the motherboard can support; the more the better. Also, try to buy a DDR3 supporting motherboard rather than a DDR2, as they are much faster. Memory, just like the CPU, helps process data in your computer, such as the programs and operating system.

4. Buy a motherboard that is as small as possible. The smaller the better, although smaller motherboards tend to have less features. You have to make the right compromise. For example, you may not need the processing power of a full-size processor, such as a Intel Core 2 Duo or AMD Phenom, so you should get a motherboard that supports a microprocessor; this would be the best choice for a personal computer. If you want a gaming laptop that is most likely going to be connected to a power source all the time, you can buy a large motherboard with a large processor, as it is both necessary and the battery life is not a factor. When the motherboard is smaller, it uses less battery power as well, making battery life longer.

Tags: motherboard that, battery life, motherboard that supports, that supports, Compare Laptop