Upgrade Bios With No Floppy

USB bootable drive.

All computer system boards---or motherboards---have a small chip on them called a BIOS. This is the computer's low-level brains, without which it would not work. As manufacturers discover slight bugs in their BIOS software, they distribute updates to fix them.

The BIOS may be updated by running a small application that changes the BIOS to the new version. The traditional device to install the BIOS update is a floppy drive. For those whose computer has no such drive, a USB flash drive may be used to accomplish the same task.

Instructions

1. Purchase a USB flash drive, readily available from most office supply stores. The USB stick must be prepared prior to the update. Insert the USB flash drive into your computer. Double-click the "My Computer" icon. Note the drive letter assigned by Windows for the USB flash drive. This will show up as a drive letter that never existed before on your computer.

2. Right-click on the USB flash drive and select format. Format it to the fat32 option and click OK. Formatting should take only a few seconds. This will allow the computer to recognize the USB flash drive after installation of the boot software.

3. Go to your motherboard manufacturer's website. This name of the manufacturer is listed in your user's manual. If you bought the system from a major manufacturer, all you will need is the model of your computer when going to the company's website. When on the website, look in the category of BIOS updates and download the most recently available update.

4. Expand the Bios.zip. For all Windows operating systems from XP forward, double-click on the .zip file. When asked where to place the file, save it to the desktop to make it easier to find when needed. The file will appear as a folder on the desktop and will retain the same name.

5. Download the program Unetbootin to your desktop. It does not require installation; it is an executable file. Double-click on the file and when it opens select distribution from the top menu item. Choose "Freedos." Select your flash drive, click "OK" and let it install. Select "No" when asked if you want to reboot now.

6. Double-click on the folder to which the BIOS update was unzipped on your desktop. It will open and display all of the files necessary to install the update. Select all files and copy them to the USB flash drive. When you reboot, you must tell your computer to boot from the USB drive. Select boot loader from the main Bios screen. When it boots you will see the drive letter prompt flashing on the screen. Type the name of the file to update your BIOS. It is usually called flash.exe or aflash.exe. The actual file necessary to run will be listed in a text file within the zip file. It will go through the update process and install the new update.

Tags: flash drive, your computer, drive letter, BIOS update, desktop will, file will, install update

Overclock The Ati Raedon 9600

Overclocking your computer's video card is a great way to improve graphic performance in games. While overclocking won't take your graphics card's performance to new heights, it is useful for squeezing out those few extra frames in your favorite game. With the right software and cooling, overclocking is a fairly safe and fun way to boost your gaming performance for free.

Instructions

1. Ensure that your card is properly installed and that you've downloaded the latest drivers. Visit ATI's website to download the latest Catalyst drivers.

2. Download the latest Catalyst Control Center. The Control Center is usually bundled with the display driver, but download it again if you don't have it. Once it's installed, open the program and choose the "ATI Overdrive" feature.

3. Move the GPU and memory speeds up with the sliders in small increments. Always start small, because even small increases can multiply heat and therefore instability exponentially. Use the "Test Custom Clocks" button to see how the new settings work. Alternatively, run a 3D benchmark program or play your favorite 3D game for a few hours for real-world testing. If the game crashes, freezes or returns errors, back down the clock speeds and try again.

4. Monitor the temperature and increase the fan speed as necessary. Using higher clock speeds, the core temperature on your Radeon 9600 will rise. Manually set the fan speed higher as necessary to offset this. Anything above 85 degrees is reason for concern.

Tags: clock speeds, Control Center, favorite game, latest Catalyst, your favorite

Connect Spdif On An Asus Motherboard

SPDIF stands for Sony/Phillips Digital Interface and is a port that utilizes fiber optics to send out an audio signal. Many ASUS motherboards have multichannel audio output capabilities, which is useful for surround sound setups. Instead of using individual cables for each channel, the SPDIF port sends out the audio signal for all of the ports at once. An audio receiver can then automatically decode the signal into the proper channels. The SPDIF port is automatically enabled when it is connected.

Instructions

1. Disconnect all of the cables from the colored ports on the back of the motherboard if you are using multiple channel audio. If you are not using multiple channels, disconnect the speaker cable from the lime colored port.

2. Connect a fiber optic cable from the SPDIF port on the back of the motherboard to a SPDIF input on the back of the audio receiver.

3. Turn on the computer and the audio receiver. Change the input on the audio receiver to the same one used in Step 2.

Tags: audio receiver, SPDIF port, audio signal, back motherboard, cable from, using multiple

Can Graphics Cards Connect To A Pci Slot

Copper contacts on the bottom of a PCI card plug into a PCI slot on a motherboard.

Graphics cards power the video you see on your monitor and may connect to one of several slots on your computer motherboard. The most common expansion card slot on motherboards, the Peripheral Component Interconnect slot, provides an interface for connecting all sorts of add-on devices. You can connect certain video cards to PCI slots, but there are a number of limitations to know about.

Graphics Cards and PCI

Although relatively uncommon in newer systems, there are graphics cards that can connect to Peripheral Component Interconnect slots. These white slots sit in the lower left corner of most motherboards inside the computer. They're useful for connecting a variety of peripherals beyond video cards, including sound cards, modems, network cards and storage adapters.

Advantages

Nearly every consumer desktop computer has at least one PCI slot, so the biggest advantage of using a PCI video card is compatibility. The majority of PCI graphics cards are relatively inexpensive as well. You can install PCI graphics cards if you need extra monitor ports or if you want better video performance than a built-in motherboard graphics chip provides.

Disadvantages

As cheap and universal as they are, PCI graphics cards don't provide the best performance available. The limited bandwidth of the PCI bus isn't suitable for high-end video cards, and as a result only low-end video card models are available in PCI versions. If you need a high-end card for games or other graphics-heavy applications, install a PCI-Express card on newer PCs or an Accelerated Graphics Port card on older computers. Not all computers have PCI-Express or AGP slots, however. This limits some computer owners to PCI graphics cards.

Installation

Installing a PCI video card is relatively straightforward. After opening your computer, all you have to do is remove the protective metal bracket to the left of a PCI slot, insert the graphics card into the PCI slot and screw the bracket to the case. Install the latest drivers from the manufacturer's website for maximum compatibility with games and applications.

Tags: graphics cards, video card, video cards, Component Interconnect, graphics cards, into slot, Peripheral Component

Overclock An Asus P5ld2vm Motherboard

Overclocking a motherboard is as simple as adjusting a few numbers.

The ASUS P5LD2-VM motherboard from ASUSTeK Computers is a motherboard that supports the Intel LGA 775-model processor, meaning that the board supports Core 2 Duo and Pentium 4 processors. Because it is an Intel chip set, overclocking the CPU inside the board is a relatively simple process, requiring only that you know navigate through your BIOS menus, a process that in itself only requires you to use a couple of buttons.

Instructions

1. Reset your computer, either through your "Start" menu or by physically holding down the power button on your PC until your computer powers off. If you do the second option, press the power button again to turn your computer back on.

2. Enter your BIOS by pressing "F2" when the ASUS splash screen appears on your monitor. This will boot up your motherboard's BIOS software.

3. Go into your "Advanced BIOS Options" menu. Do this by navigating through the menu options with your keyboard's arrow keys and pressing your "Enter" key when the option is highlighted.

4. Locate your "FSB" or "Front-Side Bus" speed. Once located, highlight it and press "Enter" to edit it.

5. Put in your new FSB speed either by using the arrow keys or manually putting in a new speed using the numerical keys. The speed will vary based on the CPU in your machine. Once done, press "Enter" to set the new speed.

6. Exit your BIOS by pressing your "Esc" (or "Escape" on some keyboards) key. When prompted, press the "Y" key to save your options and have your computer reboot with the new CPU speeds.

Tags: your computer, your BIOS, arrow keys, BIOS pressing, power button, press Enter

Get The Cpuid Atom Process

Use CPUID to get information on your computer's hardware.

CPUID is a company which makes different products to help you examine the information on your processor. CPUID's main program is CPU-Z. CPU-Z provides information, such as your processor name and number, core voltage, cache information, BIOS model and date and chipset, among other items. This is important information if you are knowledgeable about computers in order to get the most out of your computer. This is information is not valuable for a novice user. CPUID's programs support the Intel Atom processor.

Instructions

1. Go to the webpage, "CPUID: CPU-Z," located in the resources at the bottom of the page.

2. Click under "Download Latest Release" on the left side of the screen. Be sure to click the one next to the "CPU-Z" icon.

3. Choose "Save As." A name for the file will automatically generate in the name field, so you do not need to change the file name.

4. Navigate to the directory you want to save the file in and click "Save." Most browsers automatically start on the "Download" directory. However, if you want to change the directory, near the top of the window is a drop-down box. Click on the arrow next to the box. Then, you can select a drive or a common saving location from the list. You can then change your directory by clicking on each folder until you find the folder you want to use.

5. Open the directory you saved the file in.

6. Double-click the installation file and allow CPU-Z from CPUID to install.

7. Double-click the CPU-Z icon after installation to get information on your Intel Atom processor through CPUID's CPU-Z.

Tags: information your, Atom processor, CPUID CPU-Z, CPU-Z icon, Intel Atom

Jewelry Soldering Technique

Creating your own jewelry is a creative hobby and a fun way to express your inner artist through personal, unique designs. The trickiest part of jewelry making is soldering. Soldering fine, detailed jewelry pieces takes precision and concentration, but soldering techniques can be mastered with practice and time.

Choosing Your Design

Keep the design simple for your first attempt at jewelry making. While each piece of jewelry you create is a personal work of art, whether it's inspired by your favorite designer's work, modeled after an heirloom piece you've always loved or created by simply letting your imagination guide you, remember: finely detailed jewelry will require a masterly hand at soldering.

Preparing to Solder

First, set up your soldering workspace, which should be well-ventilated. Install an overhead lamp over a ceramic tile, which you'll use as a base for your jewelry as you solder. Things to keep nearby include tongs or tweezers, a jar of water, a thin paintbrush, solder, flux and a torch. Use silver solder for silver jewelry, and gold for gold.

Clean your jewelry metal thoroughly and use the tongs or tweezers to handle it so that you don't get any oil on the metal.

Fluxing Your Metals

There are several fluxing techniques, but the simplest method is to use a thin paintbrush to apply the flux to the metal, and then heat it together with the solder once it has been set in place. Flux is a corrosive chemical, so be sure to protect yourself with gloves and a respirator mask before you use it.

The Soldering Process

Soldering is a process that connects metals by filling tiny spaces created by heated particles moving apart. It does not require very much solder to fill those tiny spaces, so be sure not to apply more than you'll need.

First, place small pieces of solder at each joint on your design, using tweezers. If you plan to solder more than once, use hard solder first and softer solder in your next layers.

Then, use your heated torch to draw the solder into the metal joint. Keep the torch's flame on the solder until it begins to run. Once you've connected each piece, drop the metal into a jar of water to freeze the solder in place.

There may be a few areas that need to be filed down or gently re-soldered, but remember, the more you practice, the more precise you'll become, and the finer your jewelry pieces will be.

Tags: your jewelry, detailed jewelry, each piece, jewelry making, jewelry pieces, more than, thin paintbrush

Compare Pentiums 4 And D

When purchasing a computer, you have several options for Pentium processors. The Pentium 4 and Pentium D are two options. Pentium is a class of central processing units (CPUs) created by Intel. The type of processor you choose determines the speed and performance of your computer. You can compare Pentium processors to determine which is the best for your new computer.

Instructions

1. Review the speed of the two Pentium models. The speed is represented in gigahertz. The higher gigahertz number, the faster the processor. If you are only using the computer for word processing and Internet research, you can save money by choosing the slower processor.

2. Review the L2 cache, which is a technology used to store the most common processes you use on your computer. More L2 cache means your computer has more room to store the commands you frequently use. The Pentium D models have two megabytes of cache, which is more than the Pentium 4.

3. Review the instruction set. The 32-bit processors are older technology. Pentium 4 models have only 32-bit capabilities. The Pentium D has 64-bit capabilities, making this processor faster. You cannot run 64-bit operating systems on the slower 32-bit processors.

4. Compare the price of the processors. Most people have a budget, and you need a couple hundreds of dollars for the CPU budget. You can buy a cheaper model to save on the price of your computer. If you do not need high performance, such as those who play video games or create media files, you can save money and buy the cheaper Pentium 4 model.

Tags: your computer, Pentium models, 32-bit processors, cache which, models have

Upgrade Celeron To Pentium

Computer processor.

If your computer uses an Intel Celeron processor and you want to upgrade it with a Pentium processor, refer to the motherboard manual that came with your computer to determine what type of CPU socket is installed on the board. You'll also need to know the front end bus or maximum clock speed of the Celeron processor. Visit the manufacturer's website to find out more information about your motherboard and upgrading the processor.

Instructions

1. Disconnect all the power cords on your computer. Make certain that you wear an anti-static wrist strap to protect yourself from the possibility of an electrical static discharge (ESD) and protect the components inside your computer from damage.

2. Open your computer case and use a Phillips screwdriver to remove the screws that are holding the cover in place. If your computer case does not have screws attached to the cover, look for a latch on either side of the case and press on it to open the cover.

3. Remove the cooling fan/heatsink from the motherboard. Use the Phillips screwdriver to remove the screws. Then, pull the fan/heatsink unit off the Celeron processor.

4. Lift the processor's lever arm straight up to release the Celeron processor and gently pull it out of the CPU socket.

5. Remove the new Pentium processor from the anti-static bag and place the old Celeron processor inside it. Next, line up the pins on the Pentium processor with the CPU socket and press it down into the socket. Don't try to force the processor into the socket if it's not lined up properly. Carefully remove the Pentium processor from the socket and try to insert it again.

6. Press the processor's lever arm back down to lock the Pentium processor into place. Replace the cooling fan/heatsink back on your motherboard and re-tighten the screws that you removed.

7. Place the cover back on your computer and re-tighten the screws that you removed.

8. Plug your computer's power cords back into an electrical outlet. Press the power on button. After your computer finishes booting up, it should recognize the new Pentium processor.

Tags: your computer, Pentium processor, Celeron processor, screws that, back your, computer case, cooling heatsink

Description Of A Pentium 4 Motherboard

This red square is a computer's motherboard

The core of a computer is its CPU (Central Processing Unit) and its motherboard. This combination is as important to a PC as a pitcher and catcher to a baseball team; you can't operate one without them, and they combine to perform the most basic and important functions of the system. The Pentium 4 motherboard has a long history, since this variety of Pentium was produced for several years and came in no fewer than three mutually incompatible varieties.

CPU Socket Basics

A motherboard is generally defined by its socket type. This refers to the shape and overall design of the slot in which the CPU sits. Over the course of the Pentium 4's lifespan, it went through several socket types, including 423, 478 and 775. These numbers usually refer to how many pins are on the underside of the CPU. So an early Pentium 4 has 428 pins on the bottom and fits into a CPU slot with 428 pin holes. Socket 478 was also known as "Socket N," and 775 was also known as "Socket T." These alphabetic assignments did not represent abbreviations of anything.

Sockets and Chipsets

A motherboard is also defined by its chipset model. A motherboard can come in a variety of chipsets throughout the lifespan of that socket. The 423's main chipset in its brief lifespan was the i850. This chipset allowed for one "4x" speed AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port), 6-channel integrated audio, integrated Ethernet, two IDE channels (for hard drives and optical drives) and RDRAM (Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory), which is much different from the DDR (Double Data Rate) RAM that we're used to seeing now.

Advantages and Disadvantages

This chipset did not support "hyperthreading" CPUs (which would make the operating system see two CPU cores when there was only one physical core), nor did it support Serial ATA storage devices or PCI Express. Later 478 chipsets such as the 845e supported faster DDR speeds and USB 2.0. The chipsets for this socket eventually supported higher AGP speeds, larger amounts of RAM, "Dual-Channel" RAM and Serial ATA.

775 Arrives

At this point, the 775 socket type came into play. This was a major change. The 775 motherboards supported multi-core CPUs, PCI Express (a major improvement on AGP), DDR2 RAM and integrated Wi-Fi Internet. These CPUs also had flat undersides with contacts instead of pins. The pins were moved into the motherboard socket itself.

775's Evolution

Although this motherboard supported compatible Pentium 4s, it was oriented towards Intel's Core and Core 2 Duo CPUs, which offered much higher performance, lower power requirements and lower heat generation. The 775 socket would eventually see quad-core CPUs, external SATA connectors and multiple PCI Express slots which could be used for several high-demand functions aside from video display.

Tags: also known, also known Socket, CPUs which, known Socket, Socket also, Socket also known

Fix Driver Errors

Everyone who has ever used a personal computer understands the perils of driver failure. Instead of having to call your tech-savvy brother-in-law at 11 o'clock at night to help fix the latest problem on your PC, learning fix the driver problems on your own can help you to get your computer up and running again faster in the future.

Instructions

1. Open the device manager to diagnose the problem. You've obviously figured out that there's a driver error from the error messages every time you keep trying to complete a specific task, but the Device Manager can give you a better idea of what you're really looking at. Right click on the "My Computer" Icon on your desktop and select "Properties." On the Hardware tab, select "Device Manager."

2. Look for the yellow triangle. The Device Manager window will give you a list of all of the devices connected to your computer. Problematic devices will have a yellow triangle next to their name in the left column.

3. Right-click on the problematic device and then select "Properties." The Properties window should have tabs at the top. Under the "Resources" tab, check "Resource Allocation" and "Modify Resource Settings" to stop driver conflict errors. Select the "Update Driver" button and then install updates if the driver is outdated.

4. Uninstall the driver if the driver is completely corrupted. Reinstall after the driver has been removed. If you end up with a faulty driver, restore the original by selecting the "Roll Back Driver" button.

5. Use the Recovery Console if the Device Manager method does not work by Inserting the Windows installation disk and restarting your PC. Select R on the Welcome screen and login (you must be an administrator). Type in "CD Windows\system32\drivers" and select "Enter."

6. Continue in the Recovery Console mode and type in "Ren Driver_Name.sys Driver_Name.old," hit "Enter" then type "copy CD-Drive:\i386 Driver_Name.sys" and press "Enter" again. This will copy the original driver to the drivers folder. Once finished, exit Recovery Console, take the CD out, and restart your computer.

7. Consult a professional if this method of repairing the drivers does not work. If the device itself is corrupted, you may have a larger problem on your hands.

Tags: Recovery Console, your computer, Device Manager, Device Manager, does work

Celeron Dualcore T3000 Vs T7250

The Intel Celeron T3000 and Intel Core 2 Duo T7250 are dual-core 64-bit mobile processors from semiconductor manufacturer Intel Corp., used for laptop personal computers. The former is an entry in Intel's low-end brand and was released in 2009; the latter, released three years earlier, represents a previous generation of the company's premier brand. Consequently, there are notable differences between the T3000 and T7250.

Manufacture and Socket

Being produced after 2008, the Intel Celeron T3000 uses the 45 nanometer (nm) lithographic node of semiconductor fabrication. On the other hand, the Intel Core 2 Duo T7250 uses the larger 65 nm node, which debuted in the same year. The T3000 is thus a smaller CPU, with its two cores placed on a die that measures 107 square millimeters and contains 410 million processing transistors. The T7250's die measures 143 square millimeters, but has 291 million processing transistors. Each processor uses Socket 478, or Socket N, to connect to the motherboard, although the T7250 is also compatible with the newer Socket 479.

Speeds

Each Intel Celeron T3000 and Intel Core 2 Duo T7250 has a clock speed and front-side bus speed, which refer to its processing rate and data transfer rate, respectively. The T3000 has a clock and FSB speed of 1.8 GHz and 800 MHz, respectively. Although the T7250 has the same FSB speed, it processes faster than the T3000, with a speed of 2 GHz.

Cache and Voltage Range

Each Intel Celeron T3000 and Intel Core 2 Duo T7250 processor has two caches -- a Level 1 cache and Level 2 cache -- which it uses for high-speed access to the computer's most frequently used data. The L2 cache of the T3000 is listed at 1 MB, while that of the T7250 is 2 MB. The T3000 has the wider operating voltage range at 1 to 1.25 volts (V), while that of the T7250 is 1.075 V to 1.175 V.

Technologies

Besides the 64-bit instructional set it shares with the Intel Core 2 Duo T7250, the Intel Celeron T3000 CPU has Execute Disable Bit, which serves as protection against viruses and malicious-code attacks. Intel added to the T7250 Virtualization technology for integrating multiple computing environments into a single PC or server and SpeedStep for high performance while conserving power.

Tags: Celeron T3000, Core T7250, Intel Celeron, Intel Celeron T3000, Intel Core, Intel Core T7250

Update The Tp 600e 2645 8au Bios Without Battery

The BIOS is used to access the settings of your hardware devices. IBM, your computer manufacturer, may provide updates to BIOS of your ThinkPad 600E 26458AU to fix compatibility issues and improve caching functions. among many other reasons. If your laptop battery is malfunctioning or if you are using the laptop battery for other purposes, you can update your ThinkPad 600E 26458AU BIOS even with just the power adapter connected to the power outlet. It is important that you follow the correct steps to update your BIOS, as installing updates that are not meant for your ThinkPad laptop will render the computer unbootable.

Instructions

1. Ensure that the laptop is turned off. Turn the laptop upside down and remove the battery latch. Take the battery from its compartment.

2. Plug one end of the AC adapter into the power port of the laptop and the other end into a power outlet. Press the power button to turn the computer on.

3. Click "Start" and then type "msinfo32" in the search box provided. Click "System Summary" and then take note of the BIOS version that is listed.

4. Check the IBM website to find out if there are compatible BIOS updates available for your ThinkPad 600E 26458AU that are newer than your current BIOS version.

5. Download the BIOS updates from your manufacturer's website and run the EXE file to install the updates to your computer. Reboot.

Tags: your ThinkPad, 600E 26458AU, ThinkPad 600E, ThinkPad 600E 26458AU, your ThinkPad 600E, BIOS updates, BIOS version

Put An Agp Video Card In A Pci Slot

AGP and PCI cards are similar size, but the connectors are not identical. Not only will an AGP card not communicate with a PCI slot, but they are "keyed" differently, meaning they have cut-outs in different places. Don't try to force an AGP video card into a PCI slot because you can damage the card.

Instructions

1. Obtain an AGP-to-PCI adapter. These can be difficult to find, but they do exist. You may have better luck locating one online than in a computer store. Be sure you get an adapter for PCI, not PCI Express (PCI-X), or it won't fit in your available PCI slot.

2. Insert the AGP-to-PCI adapter in your available PCI slot with the computer turned off. Press firmly to be sure the adapter is seated correctly in the slot.

3. Turn your computer on. Install the AGP-to-PCI adapter per the instructions that came with it. This may require inserting a software disk and following on-screen prompts. Once the installation is complete, shut the computer off again.

4. Insert your AGP video card into the adapter. Press firmly to be sure the adapter is seated correctly in the slot. Depending on the clearance inside your computer, you may need a short AGP video card for both the video card and the adapter to fit inside the computer.

5. Turn your computer on. Install the AGP video card according to the instructions that came with it. This will probably require inserting a software disk and following on-screen prompts. At the end of the installation, restart your computer.

Tags: video card, your computer, AGP-to-PCI adapter, sure adapter, adapter seated, adapter seated correctly

Delta K7n2 Overclock Issues

Solve MSI K7N2 overclocking problems before they start.

The MSI K7N2 Delta-L first appeared in 2003 as an AMD Athlon socket motherboard for desktop computers. It boasts the flexibility to allow the user to increase the clock speed of any AMD CPU. Several overclocker forums suggested a hardwire "fix" to jump the BIOS to allow for more voltage capacity increase that bumps up the CPU clock speed. However, several issues need to be addressed before this "fix" can be deployed with any consistent stability.

Power Supply

The K7N2 Delta-L motherboard demands a slightly higher power draw than was the average in 2003, even before any thoughts of overclocking the processor. A 150- to 200-watt power supply unit (PSU) occasionally causes instability complaints from some users, especially when running the AMD 2600+ series of Athlon dual-core processors. Replacing the lower-powered PSU with one in the range of 300 to 500 watts generally solves the stability issues.

Overheating

When attempting to raise the processor clock speed using the K7N2 Delta motherboard by 20 percent or more, many users reported overheating problems usually due to the inadequate heat sinks being used at the time. Two solutions for this issue include lapping the heat sink contact surface and increasing the number, power and efficiency of the computer case cooling fans. Lapping the heat sink entails using various grades of sandpaper to put a mirror finish on the heat sink surface where it contacts the top of the processor. This dissipates 5- to 10-percent more heat from the processor. The addition of more and better cooling fans also contributes to reducing the CPU temperature, thus increasing processor stability.

Memory

Two factors come into play when dealing with the effect that installed RAM has on overclocking the K7N2 Delta-L motherboard. Increasing the amount of installed RAM addresses the first issue. The K7N2 Delta-L motherboard comes equipped with six memory slots capable of employing up to 3GB of RAM. Too often, users attempt to get away with installing only one RAM chip of 512MB and run the front-side bus at the lowest speed setting of 2-3-3-6 or 2-3-3-8. By increasing RAM, memory speed settings can be significantly increased with relatively little strain on processor stability. K7N2 Delta-L motherboards also allow for dual-channel RAM to be installed. Besides being quicker, dual-channel RAM allows the processor to operate at increased clock speeds without increasing voltage and therefore CPU temperature.

Stability Testing

The most efficient way to avoid issues arising from attempting to run your K7N2 Delta-L motherboard and AMD processor at non-factory approved settings is to use stress-testing software such as Prime-95 to check stability. Such software can tell you in a few hours whether your overclocking settings will maintain for an extended period of time. When your machine comes through a stress test with no crashing, you can be assured that your games will perform flawlessly at the higher processor speeds you have set.

Tags: K7N2 Delta-L, Delta-L motherboard, K7N2 Delta-L motherboard, clock speed, heat sink

Assemble A Computer Motherboard

Motherboards are the heart of a computer.

A computer motherboard is the heart of any computer system. The motherboard is what connects everything together. The motherboard is one part and does not need to be assembled but the other parts of the computer must be assembled onto the motherboard. Motherboards can have a large variety of different connections type, so using the motherboard manual will be required if you are unfamiliar with or have trouble with a specific connection.

Instructions

1. Screw the motherboard holders onto the matching holes on the computer case. Set the motherboard on top of the small metal holders. Screw the motherboard onto the holders through the matching holes in the motherboard.

2. Lift the processor bar and insert the processor in the matching square with the pins or pin holes that line up with the processor. There should be one corner on the chip and the motherboard area that is missing a pin and hole so that you know place the chip.

3. Push the RAM straight down into the memory slots until it clicks and the tabs pop out on each side of the slots.

4. Connect a hard drive cable from the hard drive connector on the motherboard to the hard drive. Push any cards, such as video or sound cards, into the card slots on the back of the motherboard and screw the cards onto the case.

Tags: hard drive, heart computer, matching holes, Screw motherboard

Replace An Hp Proliant Ml330 Motherboard

A Hewlett-Packard Proliant Series is a server-type computer. The main purpose of the server is to share files and resources, such as printers. It is designed to run 24 hours a day, seven days a week. The components used in the system are of a much higher quality level than those found in regular workstations. The design of the system is to have components replaced very quickly and easily to facilitate a faster up time when the job is finished.

Instructions

1. Turn off the computer and remove all the cables from it. Lay the case on its side.

2. Remove the screws holding the panel to the case. Slide open the case and set it aside.

3. Find the fan duct, which forces air over the CPU. This will have to be removed to replace the motherboard. It is attached to the back of the chassis and is cream colored. Press down the two tabs and the duct will slide away.

4. Remove the CPU fan by depressing the two retaining screws. Unplug the small power wires going to the motherboard from the fan. Place the fan aside.

5. Remove the 12 screws holding the motherboard to the case to slide it out.

6. Find the CPU chip on the old motherboard and release the locking lever next to it to loosen the chip. Pull the chip straight up carefully and slowly. Do not bend the pins.

7. Insert the CPU into the new motherboard and close the locking lever. Place a small dab of the heat sink compound on the top of the CPU. This was included with the motherboard in the shape of a small tube.

8. Place the CPU fan on top of the chip and lock down with the spring-loaded clips.

9. Lay the motherboard back into the case and replace the 12 screws. Firmly tighten the screws, and attach the power wire from the CPU onto the motherboard.

10. Reattach the CPU duct and close the case lid. Reattach the screws and set the server upright.

11. Attach all of the cables and the power into the chassis.

Tags: locking lever, Remove screws, Remove screws holding, screws holding

Crimp Pin Removal Tools

Use a crimp pin removal tool to work with pin connectors.

There are a variety of products that have multiple pin connectors. Many times it is more efficient to replace the cable than to replace a bent pin. However, there are occasions when it is simpler to replace a bad pin instead of the cable. An example of this would be electronic billboards. These signs use several multi-pin connections. If a pin is damaged it must be removed for the repairs to be made. A crimp pin removal tool must be used to remove the pin without causing further damage to the cable.

Dual Ended

The dual ended crimp pin removal tool provides the technician with two different size ends to remove pins. This can be a great advantage when removing more than one size of crimped pin. This allows the technician to carry fewer tools and still complete the repairs. The dual ended crimp pin removal tool works by inserting the tool into the male part of the pin until the tool is snug and the pull the tool out. The pin will come out on the end of the dual ended tool.

Contact Removal

Female ends of crimped pins are most easily removed from the multi pin connector by using a contact removal tool. This tool works on the same concept of a wedge. The end of the tool is inserted into the end of the pin connector and the end of the contact removal tool is tapped on. Continue tapping until the pin pops out the back side of the multi pin connector.

Extraction Tool

There are different types of pin connectors. Some have several pins in the connector, others only a few. Some connectors are encased in a plastic housing and others are left exposed. When the pins of a pin connector are left exposed an extraction tool can be used to remove the pin from the connector. The extractor tool works similar to small pliers. It attaches to the end of the male pin that needs to be removed and is pulled out of the connector. The damaged pin can then be replaced by the new pin.

Tags: removal tool, crimp removal, crimp removal tool, dual ended, tool works

What Is Ati Crossfire Technology

ATI Crossfire technology combines the power of two or more graphics processing units.

Crossfire technology, developed by ATI, allows two or more video cards to work together in one computer. The technology uses ATI Radeon video cards and is supported on motherboards with AMD and Intel chipsets. ATI Crossfire technology will support up to four graphics processing units or GPUs.

Scissors Mode

Scissors mode allows two Crossfire GPUs to split the screen into two horizontal sections. Each section is rendered by one of the GPUs. This mode is supported by Direct 3-D and Open GL applications and provides load balancing between the GPUs.

Alternate Frame Rendering Mode

Alternate frame rendering mode alternates video frame rendering between the Crossfire GPUs. It is the default mode when using Crossfire technology and provides the best overall performance. The mode is supported by Direct 3-D and Open GL applications.

Super Tiling Mode

Super tiling mode is similar to scissors mode. However, with super tiling mode, the screen is divided into 25 five by five tiles and the GPUs divide the rendering.

Super Anti-Aliasing Mode

Super anti-aliasing mode does not increase graphics-rendering speed like the other modes. It improves image quality. Each GPU renders a full frame and the frames are combined by the compositing engine.

Tags: Crossfire technology, Crossfire GPUs, Direct Open, Direct Open applications, frame rendering, graphics processing

Diagnose A Processor

Processors are the brains of the computer.

A computer's processor, or central processing unit, is the machine's brain. When a computer's processor goes bad, nothing will work on your computer. Determining if the processor has gone bad would be simple, except that when the processor goes bad it displays the same symptoms as when the motherboard goes bad. The processor cannot be fixed, it can only be replaced if it is bad. The simplest way to diagnose whether the processor has gone bad is to try another processor in its place to see if it solves the problem. This is simpler than replacing the motherboard.

Instructions

1. Open the computer case by removing the access door from the back of the case. Disconnect the computer's power plug from your outlet. Lay the computer on it's side.

2. Replace the processor. Unscrew the CPU fan and heatsink from on top of the CPU. Disconnect the power cable from the CPU to the motherboard by pulling it up.

3. Lift the small thin metal bar up next to the processor. Remove the processor and replace it with another processor. Put the fan and heatsink back and plug the fan's power cable back in.

4. Restart the computer. If the computer starts and runs, the problem was the processor. If the computer does not start, your problem is most likely the motherboard.

Tags: another processor, computer computer, computer processor, power cable, processor goes, processor gone

Recycle Toner Cartridges For Cash

Recycle toner cartridges to earn cash and save the environment.

Individual households, businesses, and all types of organizations can recycle toner cartridges and receive cash for each cartridge recycled. Toner cartridges are non-biodegradable, so recycling them helps the environment as well as generates some cash. Recycling toner cartridges has become a popular fund-raiser for churches, schools, sports and civic organizations, and many charities. There are literally hundreds of organizations that will recycle toner cartridges for cash.

Instructions

1. Your business or organization can easily start a recycling program for toner cartridges. Once you decide to start such a program, send out a memo to all departments and/or units within your organization, informing everyone about the recycling program.

2. Decide on a recycling service to use, some of which are charities themselves. The amount you are paid will depend on the types of cartridges you are recycling. If you choose, these recycling services will also donate the money for the cartridges to charity on behalf of your business.

3. Place recycling bins or containers in every department/unit where printers, copiers, and FAX machines are in use. As toner cartridges are used up and replaced with new ones, the old cartridges should be placed in the recycling containers.

4. Periodically empty the recycling containers and prepare a list of the toner cartridges you are recycling. Provide the type and model number of each cartridge being recycled. Keep one copy of the list for your records, and then include the list with your shipment or fax it to the recycling service.

Take your toner cartridges to a centralized location for processing. Most recycling services will provide you with packing materials and shipping labels with free postage, or they will provide pick-up services. The recycling service will verify your list when your shipment arrives and make any necessary adjustments before sending out payment.

5. Decide how you want to receive your payment. If you purchase toner cartridges from the same organization that provides the recycling service, you can request that a credit be made to your account. If you want cash, request that a check for the appropriate amount be sent to you. And if you want the money donated to charity, request that a receipt for the amount donated be provided by the recycling service and the charity.

Tags: toner cartridges, recycling service, request that, cartridges recycling, each cartridge, recycle toner cartridges, recycling containers

Difference Between Pentium 4 Prescott And Pentium Duo Core

Both the Pentium 4 Prescott and Duo Core are families of central processing units (CPUs) produced by the Intel Corporation. Technically speaking, the line's official title "Duo Core" is a misnomer. The units differ in terms of speed, compatibility and the number of operations that they can perform simultaneously. Perhaps the most important difference is that the Prescott has been discontinued while Dual Cores are still in use as of March 2011.

Speed

Intel measures processor speed in terms of the number of times per second a given unit works to execute software instructions. This is known as the processor's "clock rate." Pentium 4 Prescott clock rates range from 2.26 to 3.8 gigahertz (gHz), according to CPU World. 1 gHz is one billion cycles per second. In comparison, Pentium Dual Cores range from 1.6 to 3.33 gHz.

Front Side Bus

The Front Side Bus (FSB) is the pathway the CPU uses to communicate with the computer's memory. The faster the FSB, the faster the CPU gets the information it needs to execute software commands. Pentium 4 Prescott models come with FSBs ranging from 533 to 800 megahertz (mHz). 1 mHz is one million cycles per second. At speeds from 800 to 1066 mHz, the Pentium Dual Cores are significantly faster.

Cores

As the name implies, Pentium Dual Core CPUs contain two cores. That is, they have two separate processors on the same chip. On its own, each core is capable of processing one software instruction at a time. Thus, as a whole the unit can process two instructions simultaneously. This is twice the amount of the single-core Pentium 4 Prescott.

Compatibility

Intel designs its processors to be compatible with specific socket types. The socket is the physical interface on the motherboard that houses the processor and enables it to communicate with other computer components. There are two types of Pentium 4 Prescott: one that uses Socket 478 and another that uses Socket 775. Similarly, there two types of Dual Core, some that use Socket 775 and some that require Socket 1156. This means that computers using motherboards outfitted with Socket 775 can potentially use either processor provided the motherboard is compatible with that processor's FSB speed.

Tags: Pentium Prescott, Dual Cores, Pentium Dual, communicate with, compatible with, cycles second

Diy Audio Cable Tester

Audio signals are generally sent between devices through RCA audio cables. For example, RCA audio cables can connect the RCA ports on DVD players and televisions, so the audio from the DVD player can be heard through the television speakers. While there are testers available that can validate the activity of RCA cables, easily test a cable by connecting it to the proper devices and performing a few simple steps.

Instructions

1. Connect the red and white RCA audio cables to the red and white ports on the back of your audio device.

2. Connect the other end of the audio cables to the ports on your television. Turn your television on and change the channel to its RCA input channel. You should be able to hear the audio signal on your television speakers.

3. Remove the white cable from its RCA port on the back of your television. You should now only hear audio coming out of the television's right speaker.

4. Replace the white cable and remove the red cable from its RCA port on the back of your television. You should now only hear audio coming out of the television's left speaker.

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Replace A Gateway W340ui Motherboard

Replace your motherboard and renew your computer.

The motherboard is the brain of the computer system and processes the inputs of the devices connected to the laptop. At times they can be damaged due to power surges, loose connectors or even device failure. Depending on the laptop, it makes more sense to replace the motherboard instead of purchasing a new laptop. The Gateway W340ui motherboard can be replaced if damaged without the need for a computer technician.

Instructions

Replacing the Motherboard

1. Back up your system and important files and disconnect all external devices from the laptop. Shut off the laptop by clicking on the "Start Menu" and then select the "Shut Down" option. Fold down the screen and remove the battery from the laptop body.

2. Flip the laptop upside-down and open the laptop case to gain access to the internal components by unscrewing any necessary screws. Remove and disconnect the devices connected to the motherboard. Make a note of everything that is removed so that it can be put back in. The heat sink, the processor from its socket and the memory modules from its bay are things to be removed from the motherboard.

3. Disconnect the DC power-board cables, the USB/1394 ribbon and the speaker plugs. Unscrew the motherboard from the casing, lifting the casing from near the LAN port and sliding it toward the rear to release all connections. Carefully remove the old motherboard from the casing.

4. Insert the new motherboard into the casing and reconnect all removed devices. Some devices will already be replaced on the new motherboard. Place the processor back in its bay with the heat sink and also replace the memory modules. Replace the casing cover, reinsert the battery, and power on the laptop.

5. Log in to the Windows system and verify the system specification by going to the system information in the Control Panel. If there are errors, power off the system and reopen the casing to verify everything was reconnected. Test all devices to verify the system is working correctly.

Tags: devices connected, from casing, from laptop, Gateway W340ui, heat sink, memory modules, motherboard from

Get Wii For The Pc

At its core, a video game console is merely a specially designed computer with software to allow it to play a particular type of media. This software can be emulated on PCs, making playing games on your computer a cheap alternative to buying a new console, provided you have a computer powerful enough to run the large, detailed games of today. Running PC games on the Wii is just as easy, requiring little effort to get everything set up.

Instructions

1. Download a Nintendo Wii emulator (see Resources for link). If you already have one, move on to Step 3.

2. Install the Nintendo Wii emulator by double-clicking the EXE file and following the very basic instructions given by the installer. These instructions boil down to choosing where on the hard drive to install your emulator and agreeing to terms of service.

3. Insert your Nintendo Wii game disc into your computer's CD drive.

4. Boot the Wii emulator by double-clicking on the emulator icon.

5. Click "File," then "Boot from Disk Drive." If necessary, click the proper drive letter that your Wii disc is in. Allow a couple of minutes the first time you load a game for the computer to properly recognize the file format before the game loads.

Tags: emulator double-clicking, Nintendo emulator, your computer

Agp Video 8x Vs 4x

AGP, Accelerated Graphics Port, is an interface introduced by Intel in 1996 as an answer to the increasing 3D requirements which could not be handled by the PCI Standards used at that time. Since its appearance, different versions of AGP were released in order to keep up with the race for performance.

History of Video Cards

At the time the first personal computers hit the market back in the 70s, their video capacities were totally ignored and totally useless but things changed quickly. With the evolution of PCs, the software also evolved, and in the early 1980s, the demand for more video power became obvious. The early systems, such as the ATARI 2600 had integrated video chips, but the demand for upgrade possibilities lead to the appearance of removable video cards. The ISA slots were used for video cards at first in 1984 when the 16 bit versions were released, followed by the PCI, and the increasing need of power led to the appearance of the AGP slot in 1996.

Evolution of AGP

The AGP was the first dedicated video slot. The ISA and PCI slots could be used for connecting multiple peripherals such as sound cards or LAN cards, whereas the AGP had only one use: video. The first version of AGP, 1x, delivered a speed of 266 Mb/s, boosting up to 533 Mb/s for the second. The third and fourth generations doubled up, delivering 1.07 GB/s for the AGP 4x and 2.14 GB/s for the AGP 8x.

Advantages of AGP

The best feature of AGP is the fact that it has direct access to the RAM and this greatly improves its speed compared to the PCI. Also, communication between the video card and CPU is faster, leading to better performance.

AGP 8X vs. AGP 4X

The 8X and 4X versions of the AGP are the most widely used. The slot on the motherboard itself is more important than the video card, as the motherboard slot will set the compatibility. AGP cards are backwards compatible, so a 8X card will work in a 4X mode too, and may be compatible with a motherboard fitted with a 4X slot, but will need a 8X slot on the motherboard to use its full power. Choosing a motherboard with an AGP 8X slot will assure compatibility and the best results with both 4X and 8X cards.

Disadvantages

The main disadvantage of the AGP is that it cannot work with two or more video cards. As games and 3D applications evolved, the need of 3D rendering power exceeded the capabilities of the AGP. The PCI Express Standard was introduced in 2004 as an answer to the problem, being capable of using multiple video cards thus increasing performance.

Tags: video cards, slot will, more video, slot motherboard, versions were

Use Bios To Unlock The Amd Phenom

Use BIOS to Unlock the AMD Phenom

All AMD Phenom II X2 and X3 processors are manufactured as X4 processors with one or two cores being locked. They are made so for a reason---to price them lower than the Phenom X4 for saving consumer's money. It is possible to unlock the cores on your Phenom II X2 (duo-core) and Phenom II X3 (triple-core) processor to convert them to the Phenom II X4 (quad-core) standard. The preferred Phenom II processors to have the cores unlocked are the Black Editions, such as the Phenom II X2 555 Black Edition or Phenom II x3 720 Black Edition. You can always overclock the Black Edition processors if the unlocking was unsuccessful.

Instructions

1. Start your computer. Press the F2 key before the Windows welcome screen appears to enter the BIOS of your PC. Depending on your system setup, if F2 key does not work, try the F10, Del, or Esc key. Restart your computer before trying a new key until you get into the BIOS.

2. Scroll and find the "Automatic Clock Calibration (ACC)" or "nVidia Core Calibration (NCC)" item on the list.

3. Highlight the item and right-click on any blank area next to it. Choose the "Auto" option on the drop-down.

4. Exit the BIOS by closing the window and reboot your computer.

5. Wait for a few seconds and restart your computer, making sure everything is operating as expected.

6. Go to the "Start" menu and click on Control Panel." Choose the "Device Manager" option.

7. Click the "Processors" icon on the list to check if the AMD processors are now X4 designation. If you have successfully unlocked the Phenom II, the processors' information should show something like this: AMD Phenom(tm) II Quad-Core 720 Black Edition instead of AMD Phenom(tm) II Triple-Core 720 Black Edition.

8. Check the Phenom processors if they are stable. Press simultaneously the Ctrl, Alt and Delete keys to bring up the Windows Task Manager.

9. Click the "Performance" tab to view the CPU stats. Your Phenom processors are stable if the digits in the "Usage Percentages" pane and the graphic indicator in the "Usage History" pane are not fluctuating radically.

Tags: Black Edition, Phenom processors, your computer, Phenom Black, Phenom Black Edition, Unlock Phenom

Compare Old Video Cards To Current Video Cards

Video card

In the world of computer technology, the term "old" can easily be quantified in weeks or months. Generally speaking, newer video graphic cards offer a richer video experience and render software and applications in high quality.

Interface

The first video graphics cards were actually computer chips, according to JRank.org. Then Intel created accelerated graphic ports (AGP) allowing graphic cards to interact directly with a processor. Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) slots were introduced and dwarfed AGP slots in data transfer rates. As of August 2010, PCI Express slots are the latest graphics card interface.

Types

Older video graphics cards will have either DDR or DDR2 types of RAM. Newer cards use GDDR3, GDDR4 or GDDR5 RAM.

Size

Older video graphic cards were limited to 128 MB of memory. Now, 256 MB and 512 MB graphic cards have become standard when opting out of integrated video graphics. There are 1 GB and 2 GB cards available.

Tags: graphic cards, video graphics, cards were, graphics cards, Older video, Video Cards

Go To The Boot Menu

Windows operating systems support a variety of boot options on the Windows Advanced Options Menu that allow you boot your computer based on your need.

They support boot options such as Safe Mode, which is generally best for troubleshooting and virus removals; or the Safe Mode with Networking, which allows to use an Internet connection while troubleshooting system problems. Within seconds, you can access the boot menu and select the option that works well for the task you want to accomplish.

Instructions

The Steps

1. Shut down all currently running programs and restart your computer.

2. Press "F8" repeatedly before the Windows icon shows up on your screen. This will bring you to the "Windows Advance Options Menu."

3. Scroll down and select the boot option you want. Press "Enter."You can select from "Safe Mode" "Safe Mode with Networking" or your regular booting option. Choose the boot option based on your need. For troubleshooting, it is advisable to select "Safe Mode" because only a certain amount of drivers and resources run allowing you to resolve issues.

Tags: Safe Mode, based your, based your need, boot option, boot options, Mode with

Electric Soldering Tools

There are many types of electric soldering tools.

Soldering refers to the process of melting metallic items together to join them. Typically, the only tools required for the job are the soldering iron and the solder itself. However, several soldering accessories are available that can help you execute specialty soldering tasks, such as working on a circuit board or copper jewelry which requires an iron with finer tip, or working on audio connectors which requires a wider tip. Other accessories are also available to make your soldering job easier or neater.

Soldering Iron

A soldering iron is the main tool used for heating and melting metallic objects to join them together. Miniature soldering irons are used for performing most electronic tasks. They come with different power ratings, ranging from 15 Watts to over 100 Watts. If you get a high-wattage soldering iron, the advantage is that the heat flows quickly into the join, helping you accomplish the task quickly. Smaller irons take longer to heat the metal to the correct temperature. Miniature soldering irons are best suited for joining small components that are at risk of damage due to excess heat.

Soldering Iron Tips

Circuit boards and small wires need very fine iron soldering tips, but if you have to solder a microphone cable on an XLR electrical connector, you will need a larger tip. The most commonly used iron tips are flat tipped (sometimes called pointed tips or spade tips).

Solder

Solder, which is the material used to create the join, is a fusible metal alloy with a melting temperature that ranges from 190°F to 840°F. The most commonly used alloys have a melting range of 360°F to 370 °F.

Clamps

When you are in the middle of a soldering project, you don't have enough hands to handle a soldering iron, the solder, the wire and the connector itself. To manage everything properly without creating a mess or damaging delicate components, you need adjustable clamps that you can manipulate to hold the connector as well as the wire. Using clamps, your hands will be free and you will be able to focus on the solder.

Solder Wick

Solder wick is a mesh that you use for drawing out solder from a joint. When the wick heats up, it starts to melt the solder that you want to remove. Wick is mostly used to clean solder from circuit board tracks. First lay the solder wick on the solder; then heat it using a soldering iron. When the wick heats up, the solder melts and flows away from the joint into the mesh.

Solder Sucker

Solder sucker, as the name suggests, is a spring-loaded tool used for sucking molten solder from joints. You have to be quick when using the solder sucker. First, you have to melt the solder, and then quickly place the solder sucker on top of the molten solder, while at the same time, releasing the spring in order to suck up the solder. Solder sucker is an alternative to solder wick as both do essentially the same job.

Tags: solder from, soldering iron, circuit board, commonly used, from joint, iron solder

Replace An Hp Pavilion Motherboard

Learn to replace your HP Pavilion's motherboard.

Motherboard replacement is a risky project to attempt. All of your hardware devices connect directly to your computer through the motherboard. If your motherboard isn't functioning properly, it may render your laptop virtually useless. Replacing your HP Pavilion's motherboard requires that you completely dismantle the laptop and remove all hardware connected to the motherboard. If you don't know what you're doing, you can permanently damage your laptop's most instrumental hardware devices.

Instructions

1. Shut down your HP laptop. Unplug the computer's AC power cable and disconnect all other cables or devices. Close the display panel and place the laptop face-down. Orient the laptop so the front opening edge is facing toward you. Slide the battery's release lever to the left and remove the battery from its compartment along the top edge of the bottom casing.

2. Remove the hard drive compartment cover and its retaining screws from the lower right or left corner of the laptop. Remove any screws securing the hard drive inside its compartment. Grasp the hard drive's plastic pull-tab, and then lift the hard drive out of its compartment.

3. Remove the single Phillips-head screw securing the CD/DVD drive to the right or left side of the laptop. Insert a small paper clip into the release hole on the front of the drive. Push the paper clip inside until the drive ejects from its compartment. Remove the drive from the computer.

4. Remove the Phillips-head screws securing the memory compartment cover to the center of the laptop. Remove the cover and all memory modules from inside the compartment. The modules are held in place by two clips on either side of each module.

5. Remove the wireless compartment cover and its retaining screws. The wireless compartment varies widely from laptop to laptop. It is usually a very small compartment located on the laptop's bottom casing. Disconnect the antenna cables from the wireless card. Remove or disengage the card's retaining devices. Most wireless cards are secured by two retaining clips just like the memory modules. Some wireless devices are secured in place by one or two Phillips-head screws. Remove the wireless card from the laptop.

6. Remove all remaining screws from the laptop's bottom casing. Place the laptop face up, and pull the display panel open. Pry the keyboard cover from the laptop with a flat-head screwdriver. Remove the Phillips-head screws from behind the keyboard's top row of keys. Lift up on the keyboard, and place it face-down on the palm rest. Disconnect the keyboard's ribbon cable from the motherboard. Remove the keyboard from the laptop.

7. Disconnect all cables extending from either side of the display panel to the motherboard. Remove the securing screws from each display hinge. Carefully remove the entire display assembly from the laptop.

8. Remove the remaining screws securing the top cover to the base of the laptop. The top cover is the main plastic casing that covers the entire motherboard. Disconnect all visible cables through the access holes on the top casing. Remove the top cover from the laptop's base.

9. Remove the Phillips-head screws securing the cooling fan assembly to the upper left or right corners of the motherboard. Unplug the fan's cable from the motherboard. Remove the cooling assembly to reveal the processor chip. Turn the processor's flat-head locking screw in the counterclockwise direction one-half turn. Remove the processor from the laptop.

10. Unplug all remaining cables from the motherboard and remove all remaining screws securing the motherboard in place. Carefully begin lifting the motherboard out of the laptop's base. Examine the bottom side of the motherboard for any cables still connected. Disconnect them as necessary. Remove the motherboard from the laptop.

11. Reverse this procedure to install the new motherboard and reassemble the laptop.

Tags: from laptop, screws securing, hard drive, laptop Remove, Phillips-head screws, screws from, bottom casing

Dualmonitor Compatible Ati Video Cards

Learn about the different types of dual-head ATI graphics cards.

The vast majority of modern discrete video cards use a system of video output called dual-head. This means that the video card has multiple video-out jacks, allowing a desktop computer to use two or more display devices at a time. Video ports and configurations come in a variety of packages on ATI/AMD hardware, depending upon which graphics card you buy.

What is a Dual-Head Graphics Card?

The dual-head system allows two or more monitors (or televisions or projectors) to be plugged into a desktop computer at the same time. This allows users to either mirror the computer desktop across multiple monitors or expand the desktop into a much larger dual-monitor workspace. A discrete graphics card is necessary for a multiple monitor setup -- the integrated graphics processor on most desktop motherboards is insufficient. Multiple monitor workstations are popular in the graphic arts, financial and software development fields, as well as among general computer enthusiasts.

Standard Dual-Head Cards

Nearly all modern graphics cards feature at least two video-out ports, but the type of ports and their combination can vary depending by model. Generally, cheaper budget cards (starting at $50 or less) feature one newer DVI port and one older VGA port. This is meant to allow easy access for older monitors, which may only feature a VGA-in jack. More expensive enthusiast cards (starting at around $175) feature two DVI ports for an all-digital multiple monitor system. If you need to use an older monitor that does not feature a DVI port, these cards include a DVI-VGA adapter in their retail packaging.

Non-Standard Dual-Head Cards

For several years, graphics cards have featured a more diverse range of video-out ports to cater to multimedia consumers. Most new cards feature at least one HDMI port for easy attachment to an HDTV. Cards from some manufacturers may also use S-Video (for older televisions,) component video, DisplayPort (for Apple monitors and other high-end equipment,) or the smaller mini-HDMI port. These ports are usually in addition to a standard DVI/VGA or dual DVI port setup, but only two monitors or displays may be used at one time.

Enthusiast Cards and Multi-Card Setups

The new Eyefinity technology by AMD, which acquired the ATI brand, allows a single high-end graphics card to drive as many as six monitors at once. These cards are very expensive and require new DisplayPort-enabled monitors. If your motherboard features two or more PCI Express card slots, you can use multiple graphics cards to attach three or more monitors to your computer at once. Compatible motherboards can also use ATI's Crossfire technology to combine the processing power of two or more cards for enhanced graphics in video games.

Tags: graphics cards, graphics card, cards feature, cards feature least, cards starting

Dell Inspiron 530s Motherboard Specs

The Inspiron 530s is a slim-case desktop PC from Dell aimed at the general computer user. It features a polished metal design and can be oriented vertically or horizontally. Inside the case is hardware well-suited for both multimedia entertainment and office work. The motherboard included with the Inspiron 530s offers plenty of options for upgrading, although an overview of its specifications reveals it is plenty powerful out of the box.

Chipset

The motherboard in the Dell 530s uses the Intel G33 Express chipset with a 800 MHz system bus speed. It supports the Intel Core 2 processor family, including the dual-core Intel Core 2 Duo and the quad-core Intel 2 Quad processors. Other features of the chipset include dual-channel DDR3 memory support for 64-bit operating systems, integrated graphics acceleration for DirectX and OpenGL and PCI Express (PCIe) support.

Processor

The Dell Inspiron 530s motherboard comes with an Intel Pentium Dual-Core E5200 2.5 GHz processor. Dual-core processors contain two separate computer processors in one chassis. The processors act independently, although some software can draw on both at once. While they share the computer's RAM, each core has access to its own cache memory for common and frequent instructions. Both cores of the E5200 processor operate at 2.5 GHz and have 1 MB of cache memory.

Memory

The Dell Inspiron 530s motherboard comes with two 1 GB memory sticks already installed and can support up to 4 GB of RAM. The memory sticks are DDR2 SDRAM with 667 MHz speed and are compliant with the PC2-5300 specification. Installing memory with different speeds or specifications will impair computer performance. The motherboard has four 240-pin DIMM memory slots and features a dual-channel architecture, which means memory sticks must be installed in pairs to function.

Expansion Slots

The expansion slots of a motherboard allow for the installation of separate sound cards, graphics cards and other adapter cards. Adding cards to a computer increases the draw on the power supply, but improves system performance by lessening the workload of the processor. The Dell Inspiron 530s motherboard features two PCI slots, a PCIe x1 slot, and a PCIe x16 slot. The PCIe x16 is allocated for graphics cards in the factory build of the Dell Inspiron 530s.

Tags: Inspiron 530s, Dell Inspiron, Dell Inspiron 530s, 530s motherboard, Inspiron 530s motherboard

Recover Asus Eee 1005ha/1005hab Windows Xp Netbook

Recover Asus Eee 1005HA/1005HAB Windows XP Netbook

Recovering your Asus Eee 1005HA or 1005HAB netbook can fix some of the major system problems, and it may even save you a trip to the computer repair shop. The netbook comes with either the Windows XP or GNU Linux operating system. Regardless of your operating system, the recovery process is the same. Recovering your netbook can restore missing system files causing errors when running programs. This process can also permanently remove pesky viruses that are severely slowing down your netbook or rendering it nearly inoperable.

Instructions

Recover Using Recovery Partition

1. Turn on or restart the Asus Eee 1005HA or 1005HAB netbook. Press the "F2" key repeatedly during the boot process to be redirected to the netbook's "Power On Self-Test (POST)" screen. Press "F2" again to access the "BIOS Setup Utility" program.

2. Press the "Right Arrow" key on the keyboard until "Boot" is highlighted. Press the "Down Arrow" key on the keyboard until "Boot Booster" is highlighted. Press "Enter," and then use the arrow keys on the keyboard to highlight "Disabled." Press "Enter" to disable the "Boot Booster" program. Press "F10" to save your changes to the "BIOS Setup Utility" program and restart your Asus Eee 1005HA or 1005HAB netbook.

3. Press "F9" repeatedly when the netbook begins booting up to access the Asus Eee recovery program. Click the check mark button at the bottom of the screen below the message informing you that recovering the netbook to its original factory settings will erase all of your personal files and installed programs on the netbook to begin the recovery process. The recovery process will take 10 to 20 minutes.

4. Click "OK" when a message appears notifying you that the recovery process is finished to restart the netbook. The netbook will boot up to your operating system setup screen.

Recover Using Recovery Disc

5. Follow Steps 1 and 2 in Section 1 to disable the "Boot Booster" program. After the Asus Eee 1005HA or 1005HAB restarts, plug an external USB optical drive into an available USB port on your netbook. Insert the recovery disc that came with your netbook into the optical drive. Restart the netbook.

6. Press "Esc" repeatedly while the netbook is booting up to be redirected to the "Please select boot device" menu. Highlight the name of your external USB optical drive that appears in the list using the arrow keys on the keyboard, and then press "Enter." Press "Enter" again to restart the netbook and boot from the optical drive. The netbook will boot up to the Recovery System for Eee PC program.

7. Click "OK" beneath the message in the program window warning you that all of your personal files and programs installed on the netbook will be erased. Click "Yes" to begin the recovery process, which typically takes between 10 and 20 minutes.

8. Remove the recovery disc from the external optical drive. Click "OK" when a message appears notifying you that the recovery process is finished to restart the netbook. The netbook will boot up to your operating system setup screen.

Tags: recovery process, optical drive, Asus 1005HA, netbook will, operating system, your netbook

Beginner'S Guide To Overclocking Amd Processors

Overclocking (OCing) any component means increasing its clock speed, or the rate at which it accomplishes its intended purpose, above and beyond that which the manufacture designed it to perform. Overclocking can refer to a graphics processing unit (GPU) or a computer's Basic Input/Output System (BIOS), but most commonly refers to the central processing unit (CPU). Although it's possible to overclock your the AMD processor on your laptop, the best results occur when using a desktop PC.

Headroom

Select an AMD processor with plenty of headroom, allowing the amount of overclocking that a processor can withstand without burning up. Some CPUs are known to possess more headroom than others; AMD's Phenom II Black edition is one of them.

Motherboards

Select a motherboard, the control center of every PC, made for overclocking. The motherboard houses the CPU seating socket, the BIOS chip, the GPU interface slot, the random access memory (RAM) slots and all the integrated circuits (ICs) and ancillary components required to run the computer. Be aware that the major computer manufacturers generally select a motherboard for its cost: the cheaper, the better. They also often lock the BIOS, making adjustments impossible. If you want to overclock an AMD processor, either replace the factory installed motherboard or build your computer from scratch with a motherboard that is made for the hobbyist.

Memory

Install as much RAM as the operating system (OS) can use. RAM is used by the CPU to store or "stack" command functions. The more memory the CPU has access to, the less effort it has to make and thus the cooler it runs.

Heat Is the Enemy

Mount the best heat sink you can afford. Be sure the contact surface is flat and smooth. Make certain the heat-sink surface that makes contact with the top of the CPU touches every part of the CPU's exposed surface. This is referred to as "lapping" and ensures the CPU has no hot spots developing that can cause it to overheat and fail. Add additional internal case fans wherever they can be installed. The more air that is moving about inside the computer case, the cooler the internal environment and the better the CPU will perform.

Software

Download and install AMD Overdrive and follow the directions. To quote an avid overclocker known as Thunderman, "Beginners and even experts need not touch the BIOS anymore to overclock the Phenom or X2 processors with AMD's excellent Overdrive software."

Overclock the Processor

The best way to overclock an AMD CPU is slowly. Stop at each 10 to 15 percent boost to make sure the CPU is stable and the temperature is within an operationally acceptable range at the increased clock speed before attempting an increase in voltage again. Watch for temperature spikes. They can appear very rapidly and seemingly out of nowhere. If the temperature spikes, reduce the power immediately. Otherwise, be prepared to acquire a very expensive paperweight. Any damage caused by overclocking isn't covered under any warranty.

Tags: clock speed, processing unit, temperature spikes

Repair The Cdrom Driver On Emachines

The eMachine is a Windows-based computer.

eMachine is a Windows-based computer company owned by Gateway. As with all other computer systems, an installed CD-ROM drive needs a driver installed. This driver informs the computer handle and read information in the CD-ROM. However, if the CD-ROM's drivers are acting up and the eMachine is failing to detect any CDs you insert into the disc drive, you need to repair the current CD driver.

Instructions

1. Open the Internet browser and navigate to eMachines.com (see "References").

2. Select "Customer Care," then click the "Drivers and Downloads" link in the middle of the page.

3. Choose the kind of computer you are running (notebook, or desktop), then select the product line and finally the model type.

4. Choose the operating system you are running, then click the driver download for the CD-ROM drive on the computer. Wait momentarily as the driver installs onto the computer.

5. Double-click the download driver, then follow the prompts of the installation wizard to install the new, functioning driver. Restart the computer and the CD-ROM drive on the eMachine computer is now ready for use.

Tags: CD-ROM drive, eMachine Windows-based, eMachine Windows-based computer, then click, Windows-based computer

Difference Between Socket 775 & Socket 939

Understanding the difference between different types of processor sockets is key to choosing a motherboard or processor with the features you need. Processor sockets are the part of the motherboard that connects the CPU to the motherboard. Socket type determines which processors the motherboard is compatible with, the type of front side bus it supports and the type of RAM it uses.

AMD

Motherboards and processors designed for Socket 939 use AMD design standards. This socket supports processors from six different families of AMD processor. This socket supports processors from the Sempron and Sempron 64 families and Athlon 64, Athlon 64 X2 and Athlon 64 FX processors. Socket 939 also supports two types of Opteron processors designed for use in servers. This socket includes single-core Opteron processors with model numbers between 144 and 156 and dual-core Opterons with model numbers between 165 and 185.

Intel

Motherboards and processors using Socket LGA775 are compatible with several types of Intel brand processors. This socket supports processors from the Celeron, Core 2, Pentium and Xeon processor families. Processors from the Celeron family supported by this socket include models from the Celeron 400, Celeron D and Celeron Dual-Core CPU famlies. The LGA775 socket also supports many types of Pentium processors, including models from the Pentium 4, Pentium D, Pentium 4 Extreme Edition, Pentium Extreme Edition and Pentium Dual-Core families. The latest processors supported by this socket include processors based on Core microarchitecture from the Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Quad and Core 2 Extreme families. Although most of the processors supported by this socket are designed for desktop computers, it also supports several processors from the Xeon 3000 series designed for use in servers.

Construction

Socket 939 and LGA775 use different construction principles that are apparent in their design. Socket 775 uses a configuration of 775 gold-plated contacts arranged in a square grid pattern with pins missing in the center, in one corner and on two sides. This configuration is specific to this socket and physically prevents the use of incompatible processors in this socket. Socket 939 motherboards and processors uses a 939-pin configuration that is incompatible with all other socket types. Several other types of AMD processors use a 940-pin configuration--sockets AM2, AM2+ and 940--that is similar in appearance to, but not compatible with, Socket 939.

Features

Both Socket 939 and Socket 775 are designed to support several types of features specific to the processors they are compatible with. Socket 939 provides support for processors using a single HyperTransport link and dual-channel DDR RAM modules. This socket also supports solitary DDR DIMM modules rated between DDR 200 and DDR 400. Socket 775 supports significantly newer technologies, including dual-channel DDR3 memory modules and front side bus speeds up to 1,600 megahertz.

Tags: this socket, also supports, compatible with, This socket, from Celeron, processors from, socket supports processors

Clear The Dell Latitude Bios Password

The Dell Latitude requires that users call Dell's Technical Center to reset their BIOS passwords.

Resetting a BIOS password can be crucial for those who need to edit their BIOS or boot order but have forgotten their passwords. On some Dell laptops, the BIOS password can be reset by manually moving pins on the motherboard, but the Dell Latitude series cannot reset its password by moving around pieces of the hardware. Instead, owners must call the Dell Technical Center to retrieve or create a new BIOS password that can be used.

Instructions

1. Set your Dell Latitude laptop face down on a desk or workspace.

2. Locate your "Service Tag" number. The number is located on a white sticker on the underside of the computer's outer case.

3. Call the Dell Technical Center (877-293-1197). It may take a few minutes to get an operator on the phone, depending on how many calls the center is fielding.

4. Explain that you own a Dell Latitude laptop, and you need to reset your BIOS password.

5. Give the representative the "Service Tag" of your laptop. He will either reset your password remotely or send you a disc to reset the password. If he sends a disc, continue to Steps 6 and 7.

6. Insert the disc into your CD-ROM and run the disc. Once the disc starts, it will ask what you want to change the password to.

7. Input your preferred password and click "OK." This will reset your BIOS password.

Tags: Dell Latitude, BIOS password, Dell Technical, Dell Technical Center, reset your

Install Aircrack On Windows Xp

Be sure to do a computer backup

Aircrack is a computer security software suite that has a packet sniffer and wireless Internet encryption cracking and analysis software for wireless Internet and LAN's. It can work on any computer that has a wireless card which can conduct raw traffic monitoring (most can) and can be run on Windows or Linux with a smaller version able to run on the iPhone. The Aircrack suite is maintained under the guise of computer security tools, but can also be used by hackers to gain unauthorized access to an security enabled wireless network. Even with security, it is always wise to have a computer backup of all your file.

Instructions

1. Download the latest release of Aircrack-ng for Windows XP Operating Systems from the Tiny Shell resource.

2. Download the CYGWIN DLL, "cygwin1.dll" from the dll-files resource, but create a computer backup before you do anything else.

3. Download "Peek.dll, Peek5.sys, and msvcr70.dll" from the tutor resource in the resources.

4. Unzip the primary application zip for Aircrack to your computer, and move the three Peek files to the "c:\aircrack-win\bin" directory.

5. Move the "Cygwin1.dll" file into the same directory used in step four.

6. Restart your computer and run Aircrack.

Tags: computer backup, computer security, wireless Internet, your computer

Apply Thermal Paste To Socket 939

Socket 939 is a type of CPU socket made for AMD Athlon processors. The sockets may be used with both single and dual core computer chips. By applying thermal paste while installing your socket 939 chip, you can help dissipate heat away from the chip and into the heatsink and fan, allowing the computer chip to run cooler. You can find thermal paste at your local computer store or at online retailers.

Instructions

1. Line the computer chip pins up with the socket; then press down on the chip while engaging the locking mechanism.

2. Scrape the wax thermal pad from the bottom of the heatsink and fan unit with the plastic scraping tool, if necessary. Many heat sinks have a wax thermal pad that melts when heated and will interfere with the thermal paste. Avoid scratching the heat sink while scraping off the thermal pad.

3. Drop a small dab of thermal paste to the bottom of the heat sink and smooth over the metal surface with the edge of the credit card. Do not use your finger to smooth out the thermal paste. The smoothing action works the paste into the heatsink and increases the effectiveness of the heatsink unit. Wipe up any excess thermal paste around the edges with the paper towel.

4. Apply a small dot of thermal paste (about the size of an uncooked grain of white rice) on the center of the computer chip.

5. Examine the computer chip and the bottom of the heatsink and wipe off any contaminants from either surface.

6. Lower the heatsink directly down on top of the computer chip.

7. Grip the heatsink and cooling fan unit and gently twist it counterclockwise, and then clockwise to help spread out the dot of thermal paste. The twisting also creates a firm bond between the computer chip and the heatsink.

8. Use the plastic clips to lock the heatsink and cooling fan unit into place.

Tags: thermal paste, computer chip, bottom heatsink, cooling unit, heat sink, heatsink cooling

Asus P5ke Wifi Problems

The Asus P5K-E/WiFi-AP is an Intel-compatible motherboard. Capable of running processors ranging from a Pentium 4 to a Core 2 Quad, the P5K-E/WiFi-AP allows up to 8 GB of RAM and features an on-board WiFi Access Point chipset. While there are a number of potential problems related to the motherboard, including RAM, CPU and networking issues, most of these problems can be corrected by updating the motherboard's BIOS.

Motherboard

RAM Issues

Users have reported a number of memory-related problems with the P5K-E/WiFi-AP. Most of these problems can be corrected by flashing the motherboard's BIOS.

The P5K-E/WiFi-AP supports DDR2 running at 667, 800, or 1066 bandwidths. Users should not install DDR2 553 memory sticks.

Some users who install a pair of Corsair CM2X1024-6400 DDR2 800 memory sticks have experienced problems when booting up the machine. If the user removes one of the RAM modules, the computer boots up normally. To correct this problem while using two memory sticks, the BIOS must be updated to v0403 or a later version.

The motherboard also refuses to boot if users install two memory sticks with different CAS (Column Address Strobe) latencies. In this case, the motherboard BIOS should be updated to v0802 or higher.

Networking Problems

The Asus P5K-E/WiFi-AP features onboard networking controllers, including a Marvell 88E8056 Gigabit PCI-E LAN controller. In the "Speed & Duplex" settings, the device caps manually set network traffic at 100 Mbps due to driver limitations. If the user chooses to allow for auto-negotiation, however, the device is capable of operating at 1,000 Mbps.

CPU Problems

The P5K-3 does not support Intel processors with Front Side Buses (FSB) of 533 mHz; FSB must operate at 800 mHz. Asus provides a list of compatible CPUs.

A computer operating with a BIOS older than v0802 may report inaccurate CPU temperatures if the user has installed an Intel Core 2 Duo 2.66 gHz (E6750).

Linux Issues

Some Linux users have reported issues with Ubuntu and the onboard WiFi. The WiFi takes a long time to connect, then operates at a very low speed. Within a few minutes, the connection terminates, and the user must either reset the router or reboot the computer.

Miscellaneous Problems

P5K-E/WiFi-AP users may not use both the digital and analog audio jacks at the same time in Windows Vista, although this is allowed in Windows XP.

Some users have experienced problems with booting the computer with certain USB keyboards, which can be fixed by flashing the BIOS to v1202.

Tags: P5K-E WiFi-AP, memory sticks, motherboard BIOS, Asus P5K-E, Asus P5K-E WiFi-AP, DDR2 memory, DDR2 memory sticks

Identify Motherboards Using Phoenix Bios

Motherboard BIOS manufacturers are easy to identify once you know where to look. In fact, the motherboard BIOS manufacturer is shown every time you boot the computer. A splash screen is shown that covers the information, so it's normally hidden. Finding the Phoenix manufacturer information (as well as others) is accomplished by rebooting the computer and pressing a few keys.

Instructions

1. Turn off the computer. You can also reboot the computer, but turning off the computer gives you more time to press the necessary buttons to view the BIOS information.

2. Power on the computer. When the machine turns on, wait a few seconds for the splash screen to appear. The splash screen is the first image seen when turning on a computer.

3. Click the "Esc" key as soon as the splash screen is shown. Once you click Escape, the DOS prompt is shown as well as the machine's loading responses that are normally hidden by the splash screen.

4. View the system BIOS information. If the BIOS manufacturer is Phoenix, it's shown as the first line in the DOS screen. It also displays a version of the BIOS next to the Phoenix identity code.

5. Press the "Pause" key on the keyboard if the machine boots too fast to view the text. After you've pressed the "Esc" key, you can press the "Pause" key to give you more time to view the BIOS version and take note of the BIOS information.

Tags: splash screen, BIOS information, BIOS manufacturer, more time, normally hidden, screen shown, splash screen shown

Build Cheap Desktop Computers

Save when building a custom PC

The main reason for building cheap desktop computers is due to the fact that consumers have full control over what type of hardware it is equipped with, and how much they will pay. If you prefer to build your own computer by purchasing all computing components individually, there are multiple ideas to consider, as well as important questions to be asked.

Instructions

1. Choosing your computer components

Decide how powerful your computer needs to be. In order to build desktop computers without spending a large sum of money, ask yourself whether you need it for gaming and multimedia capabilities, or simply to perform everyday work-related tasks. Prices on these two types of platforms vary greatly; therefore it is important to know what kind of activities you will perform on a regular basis.

2. Researching hardware and software

Research every computer component before making a purchase. When buying computer components, online stores tend to give its customers minor discounts that can quickly add up to big savings. If you decide to buy any computer parts locally, make a comparison of every product each store sells, as this will give you an idea how expensive your computer components will be.

3. Finding budget products

Check out the bargain bin. Just because a product is refurbished, it does not imply it doesn't function properly. This could simply mean the original owner found a better one after purchasing, among other possible reasons. Here, you will often find discount computer parts due to the fact they may be used, or simply because they are no longer sealed.

4. Equipping your PC with sufficient power

Make your computer durable. Even if you don't need the latest technology when building desktop computers, make sure your frequently-used components last for several years. For example, when buying cheap computer parts, purchase enough computer memory to avoid purchasing more in the near future, which can potentially lead to more unnecessary expenses.

5. Buying all-in-one products with a budget

Buy built-in components. The computer motherboard is among the most important components to consider when building cheap desktop computers. To avoid spending extra on a video card or sound card by buying each separately, look for a motherboard that has such computer parts included as part of the board itself.

6. Running your system with free programs

Rely on open source software. When it comes to cheap desktop computers, not only should you look for discount hardware components, but also consider free applications. An Operating System (OS) is one of the most expensive programs to purchase with a computer. Therefore, rely on a free OS, as well as office/productivity programs which are all freely distributed.

Tags: your computer, computer parts, desktop computers, computer components, when building